Table 2.
PLNC8 αβ modulates gene expression of important receptors and intracellular signaling transducers in human keratinocytes.
| (A) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S. aureus (MOI:1) | ||||||||||
| PLNC8 αβ (µM) | ||||||||||
| Gene | 0 | 6.25 | 12.5 | 25 | 0 | 1.5 | 3.1 | 6.25 | 12.5 | 25 |
| TLR2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0.2* | 2.5 ± 0.2* | 1.3 ± 0.1# | 1.0 ± 0.5# | 1.3 ± 0.4# | 2.0 ± 0.2* | 1.8 ± 0.3* |
| TLR4 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 6.5 ± 0.4* | 9.3 ± 0.6* | 1.9 ± 0.4# | 1.8 ± 0.5# | 1.3 ± 0.5# | 3.6 ± 0.5*# | 8.6 ± 1.9* |
| PAR2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.2* | 5.4 ± 0.5* | 2.0 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.5* | 5.7 ± 0.8*# |
| p50 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1# | 0.8 ± 0.1# | 0.8 ± 0.1# | 0.9 ± 0.1# | 1.2 ± 0.1 |
| p65 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 |
| c-jJn | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 8.3 ± 2.1 | 11 ± 3.4* | 21 ± 0.9* | 17 ± 11* | 4.5 ± 1.0# | 6.7 ± 2.5 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3* | 50 ± 6.9*# |
| c-Fos | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 51 ± 42* | 7.6 ± 0.9# | 1.2 ± 0.2# | 0.8 ± 0.4# | 0.9 ± 0.4# | 50 ± 13* |
| IL-1β | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 34 ± 4.1* | 6.3 ± 1.3*# | 1.2 ± 0.1# | 0.8 ± 0.1# | 0.9 ± 0.1# | 1.6 ± 0.6# |
| IL-6 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 5.9 ± 5.7 | 8.3 ± 2.8 | 259 ± 103* | 16 ± 1.1# | 3.4 ± 0.7# | 3.1 ± 1.3# | 8.6 ± 2.2# | 83 ± 86*# |
| CXCL8 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 5.8 ± 3.2 | 23 ± 10 | 221 ± 80* | 60 ± 11# | 3.4 ± 0.6# | 3.7 ± 0.9# | 13 ± 5.9# | 67 ± 64*# |
| (B) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene | 0 | 6.25 | 12.5 | 25 | ||||||
| TLR2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | ||||||
| TLR4 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | ||||||
| PAR2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | ||||||
| p50 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | ||||||
| p65 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| c-Jun | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | ||||||
| c-Fos | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | ||||||
| IL-1β | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | ||||||
| IL-6 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | ||||||
| CXCl8 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | ||||||
Gene expression analysis was performed after infection of human keratinocytes with S. aureus for 1 h, followed by addition of PLNC8 αβ at the indicated concentrations for (A) 6 h or (B) 24 h. The results show that PLNC8 αβ modulates cellular responses through the receptors TLR2, TLR4 and PAR2, and the intracellular signaling transducers c-Jun and c-Fos, suggesting a role for the transcription factor AP-1 in the early inflammatory responses and cell survival. Decimals were removed for number > 10. One-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison test, p-values of < 0.05 are shown, compared to the *negative control (without bacteria or peptides) and #positive control (S. aureus-infected cells without PLNC8 αβ).