Table 3.
Differential release of cytokines and growth factors by keratinocytes in response to PLNC8 αβ.
| (A) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S. aureus (MOI:1) | ||||||||||
| PLNC8 αβ (µM) | ||||||||||
| Protein (pg/ml) | 0 | 6.25 | 12.5 | 25 | 0 | 1.5 | 3.1 | 6.25 | 12.5 | 25 |
| IL-6 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 12 ± 0.6* | 11 ± 3.1* | 1.8 ± 0.1# | 1.4 ± 0.2# | 1.6 ± 0.1# | 3.8 ± 1.0# | 49 ± 1.2*# |
| CXCL8 | 9.2 ± 0.3 | 21 ± 1.1 | 30 ± 2.4 | 837 ± 34* | 1485 ± 342* | 108 ± 29# | 28 ± 2.1# | 47 ± 2.9# | 230 ± 57# | 1442 ± 357* |
| IL-1RA | 1207 ± 82 | 1719 ± 760 | 1561 ± 172 | 3918 ± 366* | 2439 ± 337* | 1421 ± 105# | 782 ± 73# | 976 ± 55# | 1514 ± 77# | 6689 ± 230*# |
| MMP1 | 654 ± 18 | 789 ± 118 | 789 ± 25 | 898 ± 56* | 713 ± 114 | 713 ± 27 | 496 ± 85 | 580 ± 67 | 642 ± 75 | 678 ± 18 |
| MMP2 | 2097 ± 119 | 2971 ± 375 | 3307 ± 241* | 2868 ± 85 | 2888 ± 492 | 3162 ± 124* | 2266 ± 459# | 2399 ± 298 | 2911 ± 502 | 2657 ± 164 |
| MMP9 | 34 ± 4.7 | 66 ± 3.4 | 75 ± 5.7* | 189 ± 8.9* | 43 ± 8.9 | 32 ± 4.9 | 43 ± 5.4 | 55 ± 1.9 | 100 ± 4.4*# | 244 ± 45*# |
| MMP10 | 459 ± 21 | 654 ± 103* | 692 ± 40* | 977 ± 12* | 523 ± 94 | 533 ± 27 | 365 ± 64 | 425 ± 49 | 547 ± 82 | 704 ± 39*# |
| MCP1 | 47 ± 4.7 | 58 ± 3.8 | 51 ± 4.2 | 132 ± 5.6 | 1681 ± 118* | 200 ± 36*# | 76 ± 1.7# | 130 ± 10# | 286 ± 9.4*# | 255 ± 45*# |
| GM-CSF | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 7.2 ± 1.5* | 1.2 ± 0.6# | 1.1 ± 0.4# | 0.9 ± 0.4# | 1.6 ± 0.2# | 6.1 ± 1.4* |
| VEGF | 40 ± 2.2 | 63 ± 0.9* | 62 ± 1.9* | 158 ± 9.1* | 106 ± 13* | 49 ± 4.9# | 42 ± 2.6# | 67 ± 2.6*# | 76 ± 2.3*# | 165 ± 10*# |
| PDGF-AA | 84 ± 3.7 | 243 ± 4.5* | 258 ± 6.9* | 254 ± 8.0* | 92 ± 8.0 | 138 ± 4.2*# | 142 ± 7.5*# | 202 ± 14*# | 219 ± 5.9*# | 177 ± 7.3*# |
| (B) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein (pg/ml) | 0 | 6.25 | 12.5 | 25 | 0 | 1.5 | 3.1 | 6.25 | 12.5 | 25 |
| IL-6 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 13 ± 2.0* | 6.5 ± 0.4*# | 2.9 ± 0.1*# | 3.2 ± 0.5*# | 1.2 ± 0.4# | 1.1 ± 0.2# |
| CXCL8 | 104 ± 3.6 | 125 ± 8.2 | 142 ± 10 | 192 ± 3.4 | 504 ± 82* | 297 ± 18*# | 514 ± 47* | 319 ± 40*# | 154 ± 12# | 184 ± 24# |
| IL-1RA | 1090 ± 179 | 884 ± 81 | 899 ± 69 | 792 ± 14 | > 6820* | > 6820* | > 6820* | > 6820* | 3598 ± 1391*# | 1228 ± 219# |
| MMP1 | 3217 ± 13 | 3403 ± 150 | 3777 ± 156* | 3846 ± 126* | 1412 ± 182* | 1636 ± 132* | 1541 ± 56* | 2389 ± 169*# | 3177 ± 151# | 3445 ± 69# |
| MMP2 | 5694 ± 221 | 4519 ± 232* | 4029 ± 283* | 3127 ± 104* | 633 ± 94* | 1581 ± 228*# | 1818 ± 135*# | 2066 ± 198*# | 3306 ± 325*# | 3056 ± 202*# |
| MMP9 | 42 ± 2.9 | 43 ± 4.3 | 53 ± 1.9 | 84 ± 4.7* | 57 ± 6.4* | 81 ± 2.9*# | 90 ± 7.1*# | 79 ± 6.9*# | 72 ± 4.9*# | 105 ± 2.5*# |
| MMP10 | 3229 ± 134 | 2846 ± 197 | 3540 ± 241 | 4379 ± 175* | 1941 ± 111* | 2010 ± 40* | 2149 ± 154* | 2753 ± 202# | 3789 ± 168# | 5086 ± 426*# |
| MCP1 | 22 ± 1.4 | 19 ± 1.0 | 20 ± 1.0 | 19 ± 1.0 | 18 ± 0.5* | 16 ± 1.4* | 16 ± 1.3* | 17 ± 1.3* | 19 ± 0.7* | 19 ± 1.8 |
| GM-CSF | 7.7 ± 0.4 | 9.8 ± 0.4 | 12 ± 1.0* | 13 ± 0.9* | 41 ± 1.4* | 22 ± 2.5*# | 20 ± 2.1*# | 20 ± 1.2*# | 8.6 ± 2.1# | 9.9 ± 0.7# |
| VEGF | 641 ± 4.3 | 692 ± 34 | 757 ± 33* | 701 ± 33 | 504 ± 57* | 683 ± 9.0# | 508 ± 29* | 612 ± 16# | 689 ± 33# | 655 ± 46# |
| PDGF-AA | 238 ± 5.5 | 291 ± 14* | 337 ± 10* | 318 ± 11* | 70 ± 5.3* | 114 ± 9.9*# | 138 ± 6.7*# | 157 ± 8.0*# | 269 ± 15*# | 281 ± 8.5*# |
Multiplex analysis of human keratinocytes after infection with S. aureus for 1 h followed by addition of the indicated concentrations of PLNC8 αβ for (A) 6 h or (B) 24 h. PLNC8 αβ alone induced the release of different keratinocyte factors, while low concentration of PLNC8 αβ significantly suppressed S. aureus-induced inflammatory mediators. Decimals are removed for number > 10. One-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison test, p-values of < 0.05 are shown, compared to the *negative control (without bacteria or peptides) and #positive control (S. aureus-infected cells without PLNC8 αβ).