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. 2021 Jun 15;11:11370. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90090-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Conception of permeability and porosity determination in rock samples. (a) Permeability and porosity measurements are performed at lab scale. However, computational simulations are performed with microscopic network representation at pore scale. 3D visualization created using Blender v2.92.0 software. (b) Pore scale representation of a rock sample derived from an X-ray microtomography with 1000 voxels of 2.25 µm along each side, resulting in an overall side length of 2.25 mm. 3D visualization created using ParaView v5.9.0 software. (c) The experimental porosity–permeability plot of containing all rock samples. (d) Representative grayscale images extracted from the data cube of the least porous (B), least permeable (A), most porous (H) and most permeable (K) rock sample, respectively, exhibit the microstructural variation occurring at pore scale. The white scale bar at the lower right corner of each image represents 500 µm.