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. 2021 Jun 15;11:12606. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91859-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Associations between cytokine expression levels and clinical outcomes within COVID19 patients. (a) Forest plots representing the estimates of association for day 1 of hospital admission cytokine expression with clinical outcomes of mortality, need for intubation (ARDS), and development of acute kidney injury (AKI) among COVID-19 patients. Each box shows the estimated Hazard Ratio (HR) and each whisker represents the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of the HR. Cox Proportional Hazard (PH) models with robust standard errors were used to compute all estimates with time 0 as day 1 of hospital admission. (b) Venn diagram showing 23 cytokines significantly associated (p < 0.05) with clinical outcomes such as mortality, ARDS, and development of AKI after pvalue adjustment for multiple comparisons.