Table 1.
Demographics and baseline characteristics of COVID-19 patients and controls.
| Characteristic | Controls N = 51 |
COVID-19 N = 90 |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (median, IQR) | 64 (57, 78) | 66 (57, 77) | 0.5 |
| Sex, female (n, %) | 28 (55%) | 33 (37%) | 0.054 |
| Race (n, %) | < 0.001 | ||
| Asian | 3 (5.9%) | 6 (7.5%) | |
| Black | 8 (16%) | 12 (15%) | |
| Other | 3 (5.9%) | 18 (22%) | |
| White | 29 (57%) | 44 (55%) | |
| BMI (median, IQR) | 25.2 (21.7, 28.8) | 27.6 (23.2, 31·1) | 0.030 |
| Smoking status (n, %) | 0.029 | ||
| Active smoker | 4 (8.0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Former smoker | 14 (28%) | 30 (33%) | |
| Never smoker | 32 (64%) | 60 (67%) | |
| Comorbidities (n, %) | |||
| CAD | 12 (24%) | 13 (14%) | 0.3 |
| DM | 9 (18%) | 28 (31%) | 0.12 |
| HTN | 27 (53%) | 51 (57%) | 0.8 |
| CVA | 9 (18%) | 9 (10%) | 0.3 |
| CKD/ESRD | 6 (12%) | 9 (10%) | > 0.9 |
| Cirrhosis | 1 (2.0%) | 1 (1.1%) | > 0.9 |
| COPD | 7 (14%) | 6 (6.7%) | 0.2 |
| Asthma | 6 (12%) | 10 (11%) | > 0.9 |
| Active cancer | 19 (37%) | 11 (12%) | 0.001 |
| Immunosuppressed statea | 18 (35%) | 4 (4.4%) | < 0.001 |
| Home medications (n, %) | |||
| Immunosuppressive medications (past 30 days) | 16 (31%) | 15 (17%) | 0.070 |
| ACE/ARBs | 13 (25%) | 25 (28%) | > 0.9 |
| Statins | 22 (43%) | 33 (37%) | 0.6 |
| NSAIDs | 16 (31%) | 24 (27%) | 0.7 |
| PPIs | 15 (29%) | 21 (23%) | 0.6 |
| Day 1 vital signs (median, IQR) | |||
| Highest temperature (°C) | 37.00 (36.75, 37.70) | 38.30 (37.50, 39.00) | < 0.001 |
| Highest heart rate | 95 (86, 110) | 100 (91, 105) | 0.2 |
| Highest respiratory rate | 20.0 (18.0, 22.0) | 22.0 (20.0, 30.0) | < 0.001 |
| Lowest systolic blood pressure | 106 (100, 118) | 105 (92, 113) | 0.2 |
BMI Body Mass Index, CAD coronary artery disease, DM diabetes mellitus, HTN hypertension, CVA cerebrovascular accident, CKD/ESRD chronic kidney disease/end stage renal disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ACE/ARBs angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-II receptor blockers, NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, PPIs proton pump inhibitors.
aChemotherapy or radiotherapy within last 6 months; inherited immunodeficiency.