Figure 5.

Overall gene expression profiles in sham and DAC animals. Gene enrichment analyses suggested that heart cells in HFpEF suffer inflammatory stress, oxidative stress, remodeling, proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolic disorders. Specifically, 543 genes were downregulated, whereas 405 genes were upregulated in the DAC myocardium compared with that in the sham myocardium (A). Biological process enrichment analysis identified eight upregulated biological processes (B) and 10 downregulated biological processes (C). KEGG pathway analysis showed that two pathways were upregulated and night pathways were downregulated (D). In addition, 10 genes associated with fibrosis were seen in (E). n = 3 minipigs per group.