Table 9.
LICI in patients with epilepsy.
| References | Subjects | Method | ISI | LICI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brodtmann et al. (88) | 7 IGE, 16 HC | TMS-EMG | 50–400 ms | ↓ |
| Valzania et al. (89) | 12 IGE, 8 HC | TMS-EMG | 50, 100, 150, 250 ms | ↓ |
| Manganotti et al. (90) | 15 JME, 12 HC | TMS-EMG | 30–400 ms | ↔ |
| Molnar et al. (91) | 5 Epilepsy, 9 HC | TMS-EMG | 50–200 ms | ↓ |
| Badawy et al. (92) | 35 IGE, 27 focal epilepsy, 29 HC | TMS-EMG | 200–400 ms | ↓ in IGE and focal epilepsy |
| Badawy et al. (93) | 59 IGE, 47 focal epilepsy, 32 HC | TMS-EMG | 50–300 ms | ↓ at baseline, ↑ following AED treatment in seizure free subjects |
| Badawy and Jackson (94) | 26 migraine, 22 focal epilepsy, 28 IGE 19 HC | TMS-EMG | 50–400 ms | ↓ in migraine, IGE and focal epilepsy |
| Badawy et al. (95) | 11 focal epilepsy, 13 IGE, 17 HC | TMS-EMG | 50–400 ms | ↓ IGE and focal epilepsy |
| Badawy et al. (96) | 30 refractory epilepsy, 35 seizure free on monotherapy, 12 seizure free on dual therapy | TMS-EMG | 100–300 ms | ↓ |
| Badawy et al. (97) | 46 JME, 41 JAE, 50 GE-TCS, 20 HC | TMS-EMG | 100–300 ms | ↓ |
| Badawy et al. (98) | 85 TLE, 20 HC | TMS-EMG | 100–300 ms | ↔ |
| Badawy et al. (99) | 11 IGE, 11 focal epilepsy, 10 HC | TMS-EMG | 100–400 ms | ↓ |
| Badawy et al. (100) | 21 isolated seizure, 20 IGE, 18 focal epilepsy, 20 HC | TMS-EMG | 100–300 ms | ↓ in IGE and focal epilepsy |
| Badawy et al. (101) | 46 TLE, 39 Extra-TLE, 20 HC | TMS-EMG | 100–300 ms | ↓ at baseline, ↑ following AED treatment in seizure free subjects |
| Silbert et al. (102) | 10 IGE, 12 HC | TMS-EMG | 100–350 ms | ↓ in migraine, IGE, and focal epilepsy |
| Pawley et al. (103) | 28 moderately controlled epilepsy, 40 poorly controlled epilepsy, 28 HC | TMS-EMG | 50–250 ms | ↓ IGE and focal epilepsy |
| Bauer et al. (104) | 40 IGE, 69 focal epilepsy, 95 HC | TMS-EMG | 50–250 ms | ↓ |
| Bolden et al. (105) | 30 IGE, 24 HC | TMS-EEG | 50–200 ms | ↓ |
| Bolden et al. (106) | 30 IGE, 22 HC | TMS-EEG | 50–200 ms | ↔ |
| Huang et al. (107) | 41 poorly controlled TLE, 71 well-controlled TLE, 44 HC | TMS-EMG | 50–300 ms | ↓ |
ISI, Interstimulus interval; JAE, juvenile absence epilepsy; LICI, Long-interval intracortical inhibition; GE-TCS, Generalized epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizures; IGE, Idiopathic generalized epilepsy; TLE, Temporal lobe epilepsy; HC, Healthy controls; AED, Antiepileptic drug; JME, Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy; PME, Progressive myoclonic epilepsy.