TABLE 2.
Descriptive statistics of parental depression and Children's emotional/behavioral problems in both waves
| Wave 1 (N = 4800) | Wave 2 (N = 3847) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | (%) | M | (SD) | n | (%) | M | (SD) | |
| Parental depression (PHQ‐9) | 2.44 | (4.01) | 4.07 | (5.05) | ||||
| None‐minimal (4 or less) | 3904 | (81.5) | 2542 | (66.6) | ||||
| Mild (5 to 9) | 561 | (11.7) | 743 | (19.5) | ||||
| Moderate (10 to 14) | 216 | (4.5) | 339 | (8.9) | ||||
| Moderate to severe (15 to 19) | 72 | (1.5) | 133 | (3.5) | ||||
| Severe (20 or more) | 35 | (0.7) | 59 | (1.5) | ||||
| Emotional/behavioral problems (SDQ) | ||||||||
| Emotional problems | 2.07 | (2.19) | 2.10 | (2.23) | ||||
| Normal | 2979 | (62.9) | 2465 | (65.4) | ||||
| Borderline | 874 | (18.4) | 410 | (10.9) | ||||
| Clinical | 885 | (18.7) | 894 | (23.7) | ||||
| Conduct problems | 2.19 | (1.86) | 2.29 | (1.89) | ||||
| Normal | 3375 | (71.2) | 2417 | (64.1) | ||||
| Borderline | 548 | (11.6) | 525 | (13.9) | ||||
| Clinical | 815 | (17.2) | 827 | (21.9) | ||||
| Hyperactivity/Inattention | 3.56 | (2.37) | 3.78 | (2.33) | ||||
| Normal | 3076 | (64.9) | 1905 | (50.5) | ||||
| Borderline | 669 | (14.1) | 560 | (14.9) | ||||
| Clinical | 993 | (21.0) | 1304 | (34.6) | ||||
| Peer relationship problems | 2.61 | (1.90) | 2.88 | (1.90) | ||||
| Normal | 2511 | (53.0) | 1754 | (46.5) | ||||
| Borderline | 849 | (17.9) | 706 | (18.7) | ||||
| Clinical | 1378 | (29.1) | 1309 | (34.7) | ||||
| Prosocial behavior | 5.40 | (2.42) | 5.15 | (2.38) | ||||
| Normal | 3182 | (67.2) | 2349 | (62.3) | ||||
| Borderline | 667 | (14.1) | 559 | (14.8) | ||||
| Clinical | 889 | (18.8) | 861 | (22.8) | ||||
| Total difficulties | 10.44 | (6.09) | 11.04 | (6.26) | ||||
| Normal | 2886 | (60.9) | 1819 | (48.3) | ||||
| Borderline | 723 | (15.3) | 819 | (21.7) | ||||
| Clinical | 1129 | (23.8) | 1131 | (30.0) | ||||
Abbreviations: PHQ‐9, 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire; SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire