Environmental stresses. (a–c) Spatial averages over the 25 sites and (d–f) site specific local prediction for the 95-percentiles of the water, drought and heat stress indices WSI, DSI, HSI. The stress indices are defined as WSI = (1 − Yw/Yp), DSI = (1 − Ywd/Yw), HSI = (1 − Ywh/Yw), where Yw is water limited yield while Yp is potential yield of a cultivar tolerant to heat and drought stress around flowering, Ywd is a yield of cultivar sensitive to drought around flowering, Ywh is a yield of cultivar sensitive to heat stress around flowering (see Methods for more details). Nomenclature explained in figure 1. Cultivar: Mercia HD; Soil: Hafren (AWC = 177); Sowing date: 20/10.