Table 2.

High performance liquid chromatography based quantification of phenolic compounds triggered as a result of iron-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles in cell cultures of Fagonia indica

Sample extract	No. of peak	Retention time (min)	Phenolic compounds identity	HPLC–UV λmax (nm)	Peak area of sample	Peak area of standard	Concentration (µg/ml)	Identification reference
Control	1	2.6	Malic acid	320	74.81	40.32	18.56e	Reference standard
	2	12.4	Morin	320	32.90	20.0	16.45f	Reference standard
	3	16.5	Ellagic acid	320	97.98	319.24	3.07i	Reference standard
	4	20.5	Catechin hydrate	320	385.32	78.0	49.4c	Reference standard
	5	22.7	Rutin	320	156.79	2241.2	0.69k	Reference standard
	6	27.7	Pyrogallol	320	1878.23	1.014	18,522.97bc	Reference standard
	7	30.2	Mandelic acid	320	20.96	72.0	2.91j	Reference standard
40-1	1	2.6	Malic acid	320	96.32	40.32	23.90de	Reference standard
	2	8.3	Epigallocatechin gallate	320	18.27	72.6	2.52j	Reference standard
	3	12.4	Morin	320	55.11	20.0	27.55d	Reference standard
	4	16.5	Ellagic acid	320	237.34	319.24	7.43g	Reference standard
	5	20.5	Catechin hydrate	320	56.04	78.0	7.18g	Reference standard
	6	27.7	Pyrogallol	320	1968.24	1.014	19,410.65a	Reference standard
	7	30.2	Mandelic acid	320	129.91	72.0	18.04e	Reference standard
40-2	1	2.6	Malic acid	320	25.90	40.32	6.43h	Reference standard
	2	8.3	Epigallocatechin gallate	320	48.33	72.6	6.65h	Reference standard
	3	12.4	Morin	320	85.66	20.0	42.83c	Reference standard
	4	16.5	Ellagic acid	320	233.46	319.24	7.31g	Reference standard
	5	20.5	Catechin hydrate	320	346.95	78.0	44.48c	Reference standard
	6	27.7	Pyrogallol	320	1885.61	1.014	18,595.75b	Reference standard
	7	30.2	Mandelic acid	320	19.41	72.0	2.69j	Reference standard

40-1 cell cultures supplemented with 31.5 µg/ml Fe-ZnO-NPs for 40 days, 40-2 cell cultures supplemented with 250 µg/ml Fe-ZnO-NPs for 40 days

The superscripted letters (a, b, c, d etc.) shows significant difference between variables. Values with different letters represent significant difference (P < 0.05)