(A–D) Blood glucose (A), amino acids (B), plasma glucagon (C), and insulin (D) levels of wild-type (WT), Gcgr−/−, Slc38a5−/−, and Slc38a5;Gcgr double knockout (DKO) mice. Data are mean ± SEM, n = 5–12. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.
(E) Glucagon (red), Slc38a5 (green), and DAPI nuclei (blue) immunofluorescence staining of pancreas sections from WT, Gcgr−/−, Slc38a5−/−, and DKO mice.
(F–I) α cell mass (F), α cell size (G), β cell mass (H), and islet number per pancreas section (I) in WT, Gcgr−/−, Slc38a5−/−, and DKO mice. Data are mean ± SEM, n = 4–11. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.