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. 2021 Jun 2;9:686886. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686886

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Copyright © 2021 Xiong, Wang, Li, Huang, Zhang, Zhu, Xie, Wang, Kuang, Lin, Lee, Kumar and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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PDGF-D induced macrophage polarizations. (A) Real-time PCR analysis of markers of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization regulated by PDGF-D in mouse retinal pigment epithelium. (B) Immunofluorescence staining for IBA1⁺ and CD16/32⁺ (M1 marker) cells in mouse retinae and choroids with AAV-GFP or AAV-PDGF-D injection. (C) Quantifications of IBA1⁺ and CD16/32⁺ macrophage densities in (B). (D) Immunofluorescence staining of IBA1⁺ and CD206⁺ (M2 marker) cells in mouse retinae and choroids with AAV-GFP or AAV-PDGF-D injection. (E) Quantification of CD206⁺ macrophage cell density in retinae and choroids in (D). Scale bar: 50 μm. n = 5, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.