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. 2021 Jun 2;9:686886. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686886

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Copyright © 2021 Xiong, Wang, Li, Huang, Zhang, Zhu, Xie, Wang, Kuang, Lin, Lee, Kumar and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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PDGF-D overexpression increased vascular endothelial cell density and mural cell coverage in mouse retinae and choroids. (A) Real-time PCR results showing angiogenic genes upregulated by PDGF-D overexpression in RPE-choroid complex. (B) Immunofluorescence staining of CD31⁺ endothelial cells (EC) and α-SMA ⁺ smooth muscle cells (SMC) in mouse retinae and choroids injected with AAV-GFP or AAV-PDGF-D. (C) Quantifications of CD31⁺ cell density and SMC coverage in retinae and choroids in (B). Scale bar: 50 μm. n = 5, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001, ns: not significant.