TABLE 4.
Genetic engineering strategies for modulating PD-associated proteins.
| No | Gene name | Gene ID | Reported study | Proposed genetic engineering technique | Purpose | References | ||
| KO/KD | OE | CRISPR/Cas9 | OE | |||||
| (1) | BAM1 | AT5G65700 | Inhibits RNAi movement | Promotes RNAi movement | o (modifying C4/P19-interacting domain) | o | Biotic stress tolerance (TYLCV, TBSV) | Rosas-Diaz et al., 2018; Garnelo Gomicronmez et al., 2021 |
| (2) | BAM2 | AT3G49670 | Inhibits RNAi movement | nd | o (modifying C4/P19-interacting domain) | o | Biotic stress tolerance (TYLCV, TBSV) | Rosas-Diaz et al., 2018; Garnelo Gomicronmez et al., 2021 |
| (3) | CRK2 | AT1G70520 | S | R | x | o | Abiotic stress tolerance (salinity) | Hunter et al., 2019 |
| (4) | IMK2 | AT3G51740 | nd | R | x | o | Abiotic stress tolerance (salinity and drought) | Grison et al., 2019 |
| (5) | QSK1 | AT3G02880 | S | R | x | o | Abiotic stress tolerance (salinity and drought) | Grison et al., 2019 |
| (6) | PDLP1,2,3 | AT5G43980, AT1G04520 and AT2G33330 | R | nd | o | x | Biotic stress tolerance (GFLV) | Amari et al., 2010 |
| ((7) | PDLP5 | AT1G70690 | S | R | x | o | Biotic stress tolerance (Pst DC3000, Psm ES4326, TMV and CMV) | Lee et al., 2011; Lim et al., 2016; Aung et al., 2020 |
| (8) | PDLP7 | AT5G37660 | S | nd | x | o | Biotic stress tolerance (Pst DC3000 and Psm ES4326) | Aung et al., 2020 |
| (9) | LYM2 | AT2G17120 | S | nd | x | o | Biotic stress tolerance (Botrytis cinerea) | Faulkner et al., 2013 |
| (10) | GLU I | – | R | S | o | x | Biotic stress tolerance (TMV, PVX and CMV) | Iglesias et al., 2000; Bucher et al., 2001 |
| (11) | StREM1.3 | NP_001274989/102577743 | S | R | x | o | Biotic stress tolerance (PVX) | Raffaele et al., 2009; Perraki et al., 2014 |
| (12) | RGP2 | AT5G15650 | nd | R | x | o | Biotic stress tolerance (TMV) | Zavaliev et al., 2010 |
| (13) | ANK1 and ANK2 | AAK18619/AAN63819 | R | S | o | x | Biotic stress tolerance (TMV) | Ueki et al., 2010 |
| (14) | GLU III | KC437380 | nd | S | o | x | Biotic stress tolerance (potato virus YNTN) | Dobnik et al., 2013 |
| (15) | DHyPRP1 | AT4G22470 | S | R | x | o | Biotic stress tolerance (Pst DC3000 and Botrytis cinerea) | Li et al., 2014 |
| (16) | CML41 | AT3G50770 | S | R | x | o | Biotic stress tolerance (Pst DC3000) | Xu et al., 2017 |
| (17) | NbEXPA1 | NbS00007680g0013.1 | nd | S | o | x | Biotic stress tolerance (TuMV) | Park et al., 2017 |
| (18) | NbHIPP26 | Niben101Scf02621g04026.1 | R | nd | o | x | Biotic stress tolerance (PMTV) | Cowan et al., 2018 |
| (19) | PATL3 and PATL6 | AT1G72160 and AT3G51670 | S | R | x | o | Biotic stress tolerance (alfalfa mosaic virus, AMV) | Peiro et al., 2014 |
| (20) | Calreticulin | AT1G09210 | nd | R | x | o | Biotic stress tolerance (TMV) | Chen et al., 2005 |
| (21) | SYTA | AT2G20990 | R | nd | o | x | Biotic stress tolerance (TMV, CaLCuV, TVCV and SqLCV) | Lewis and Lazarowitz, 2010; Uchiyama et al., 2014; Yuan et al., 2018 |
KO, knock out; KD, knock down; OE, overexpression; S, susceptible; R, resistant; nd, not determined; O, modification expected for the positive effect.