TABLE VI.
Adjusted odds ratios and 95% CI for the association between complete control of chronic urticaria and other covariates in relation to use of step 4 therapy (anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressants or biologics)
| Covariates | Cyclosporine | HCQ | Sulfasalazine | Dapsone | Prednisone | Colchicine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex: Male | - | - | - | 3.4 [2.2–5.4] | - | - |
| Race:Caucasian | 5.9 [2.1–16.7] | - | - | - | - | 21.1 [6.3–71.2] |
| Age (y, median) | ||||||
| <43 y | 1.3 [1.2–1.4] | - | - | NA | 1.2 [1–1.5] | - |
| ≥43 y | ||||||
| Duration of CU before the first clinic visit >4 mo (median) | - | NA | 0.9 [0.8–0.9] | - | - | - |
| Episodes lasting >48 h | 11.5 [3.6–37] | - | - | - | - | - |
| Associated dermatographia | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Associated physical urticarias* | - | 0.3 [0.16–0.49] | - | - | 32.6 [12.7–83.2] | |
| Presence of antithyroperoxidase and/or antimicrosomal antibodies | - | - | 0.01 [0.002–0.04] | - | - | 0.1 [0.1–0.4] |
| Predominance of neutrophils on histology | - | - | - | 5.4 [3.2–9.1] | - | - |
CU, chronic urticaria; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; NA, no association (ie, OR = 1); (-) not significant at P = .1.
Excluding dermatographia included cold (n = 12), delayed pressure (n = 2), pressure (n = 60), exercise (n = 33), cholinergic (n = 36), solar (n = 6), vibratory (n = 1), and aquagenic (n = 6). Associated angioedema, history of smoking, personal history of thyroid or autoimmune diseases, or family history of CU or autoimmune disease, and cellular infiltrates on skin histopathology of lymphocytes were all included in the models but not significantly associated with better disease control with any drug at = 0.1.