Table 4.
Factors associated with performing indwelling catheterization in agreement with the sterility precautions in the EAUN-guidelines*
| Explanatory variable | Univariable OR (95% CI) p-value |
Multivariable OR (95% CI) p-value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital | 0.930 | N/A | ||
| Hospital A | 0.99 (0.72–1.34) | |||
| Hospital B | Reference | |||
| Department | < 0.001** | < 0.001*** | ||
| Cardiology & Surgery | 2.31 (1.70–3.16) | (1.69–3.27) | ||
| Internal medicine | Reference | Reference | ||
| Profession | 0.653 | |||
| Registered nurse | Reference | N/A | ||
| Assistant nurse | 1.07 (0.79–1.47) | |||
| Years in profession | 0.109 | |||
| 0–2 years | 1.35 (0.94–1.94) | N/A | ||
| > 2 years | Reference | |||
| Years at present department | 0.086** | 0.230 | ||
| 0–2 years | 1.31 (0.96–1.77) | 1.22 (0.88–1.70) | ||
| > 2 years | Reference | Reference | ||
| Work shift | 0.49 | |||
| Day/evening/alternating shift | 1.25 (0.79–1.95) | N/A | ||
| Night shift | Reference | |||
| Frequency of IUC-insertion | 0.742 | |||
| Each week or month | 1.05 (0.78–1.42) | N/A | ||
| Less than each month | Reference | |||
| Origin of the insertion technique | 0.654 | |||
| According to the hospital guidelines | 1.07 (0.79–1.47) | N/A | ||
| Other answers | Reference | |||
| Insertion technique | < 0.001** | 0.014*** | ||
| Sterile technique | 2.61 (1.86–3.66) | 1.64 (1.11–2.43) | ||
| Non-sterile technique | Reference | Reference | ||
| Periurethral cleansing solution | 0.127 | N/A | ||
| Soap and tap water | 0.80 (0.45–1.41) | |||
| Sterile normal saline | 1.33 (0.64–2.74) | |||
| Other solutions | Reference | |||
| Use of set for catheterization | < 0.001** | < 0.001*** | ||
| Sterile set | 2.84 (2.04–3.94) | 2.06 (1.42–2.97) | ||
| Non-sterile set or no set used | Reference | Reference | ||
| Dressing on insertion area | < 0.001** | 0.004*** | ||
| Sterile drapes | 3.17 (2.16–4.65) | 1.91 (1.24–2.96) | ||
| Non-sterile drapes or no drapes | Reference | Reference | ||
| Equipment for catheterization | 0.123 | |||
| Disposable | Reference | N/A | ||
| Reusable or don’t know | 1.71 (0.86–3.37) | |||
*The five components of the sterility precautions in the EAUN-guidelines are bactericidal alcohol hand rub, sterile catheter, on a clean trolley, insertion with sterile gloves and sterile fluid for bladder washouts
** Variables with a p-value < 0.1 in the univariable analyses were included in the multivariable analyses
*** Variables with a p-value < 0.05 in the multivariable analyses were considered as statistically significant associations
N/A not applicable.