Table 3.
Effect size of NAFLD on incident diabetes in prespecified and exploratory subgroups
| Characteristic | No. of participants | HR (95% CI) | P value | P for interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.2386 | |||
| Male | 2048 | 2.04 (1.32, 3.15) | 0.0013 | |
| Female | 246 | 4.34 (0.29, 64.28) | 0.2853 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.1157 | |||
| < 25 | 1538 | 1.59 (0.87, 2.92) | 0.1353 | |
| ≥ 25 | 662 | 3.40 (1.61, 7.17) | 0.0013 | |
| Visceral fat obesity | 0.0688 | |||
| NO | 1996 | 1.67 (1.02, 2.73) | 0.0410 | |
| YES | 272 | 4.75 (1.49, 15.11) | 0.0083 | |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 0.2901 | |||
| Low | 758 | 5.31 (0.64, 44.16) | 0.1221 | |
| High | 1056 | 1.88 (1.12, 3.15) | 0.0172 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 0.2688 | |||
| Low | 494 | 11.99 (0.87, 164.39) | 0.0629 | |
| High | 1258 | 1.95 (1.20, 3.20) | 0.0076 | |
| TC (mg/dL) | 0.9720 | |||
| Low | 834 | 3.01 (1.33, 6.79) | 0.0081 | |
| High | 852 | 2.82 (1.32, 6.04) | 0.0076 | |
| TG (mg/dL) | 0.1982 | |||
| Low | 914 | 1.98 (0.76, 5.13) | 0.1607 | |
| High | 938 | 4.10 (2.16, 7.77) | < 0.0001 | |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 0.8977 | |||
| Low | 892 | 1.96 (1.11, 3.46) | 0.0197 | |
| High | 916 | 2.07 (0.86, 4.97) | 0.1039 | |
| ALT (U/L) | 0.0611 | |||
| Low | 948 | 1.19 (0.55, 2.56) | 0.6603 | |
| High | 968 | 2.82 (1.52, 5.25) | 0.0011 | |
| AST (U/L) | 0.2397 | |||
| Low | 882 | 1.39 (0.63, 3.07) | 0.4144 | |
| High | 902 | 2.65 (1.32, 5.32) | 0.0060 | |
| GGT (U/L) | 0.2994 | |||
| Low | 880 | 1.97 (0.82, 4.73) | 0.1294 | |
| High | 900 | 3.37 (1.80, 6.33) | 0.0002 | |
| Propensity score | 0.3788 | |||
| Low | 1086 | 1.16 (0.36, 3.74) | 0.8042 | |
| Medium | 1060 | 1.73 (0.88, 3.41) | 0.1095 | |
| High | 1088 | 2.71 (1.68, 4.39) | < 0.0001 | |
Note 1: The above model has been adjusted for age, gender, BMI, waist circumference, smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular exerciser, SBP, DBP, ALT, AST, GGT, HbA1c, FPG, TC, TG, HDL-C
Note 2 In each case, the model was not adjusted for the stratification variable