Figure 1.

Experimental set-up of the established in vitro training and resilience protocols. Monocytes were retrieved from cryogenic vials and allowed to settle for 24 h (I) before cells were stimulated with medium, 5 µg/ml β-glucan (yeast-b, yWGP, grifolan), 10 ng/ml LPS or both β-glucan and LPS for 24 h (II). Stimuli were removed and cells were rested for 5 days (III) and subsequently challenged at day 7 with 10 ng/ml LPS (IV). Supernatant was collected on day 8 to quantify TNF-α levels measured by means of ELISA (V).