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. 2021 Jun 2;12:672796. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672796

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Copyright © 2021 Moerings, de Graaff, Furber, Witkamp, Debets, Mes, van Bergenhenegouwen and Govers

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Introducing new elements to the established training and resilience protocol to generate a macrophage model system. The protocol of in vitro training and induced resilience including the addition of M-CSF during step I-III and a prolonged incubation (i.e., day 2 to 6 instead of day 1) with β-glucan in the macrophage model is depicted in (A) Results from training (B) and induced resilience (C) in presence or absence of M-CSF and prolonged presence of β-glucan are shown in a bar graph as average pg/ml TNF-α ± SD of n = 5 different donors. Data was analyzed with paired Student’s t test and statistical significances were indicated: *P < 0.05 compared to the medium control; **P < 0.01 compared to the medium control; ^#P < 0.05 compared to the LPS control.