Figure 4.

Changes in proliferation, cell cycle, and survival in TCA and ETC deficient yeast exposed to doxorubicin – BY4741 and mutant strains deficient in TCA cycle (aco1) and ETC (ndi1) components were grown in YPD and exposed to 100 μM doxorubicin for up to 12 hours. A) Both TCA and ETC mutant strains had significantly lower cell proliferation from the parental at 12 hours of exposure to 100 μM doxorubicin (Tukey’s HSD P < 0.05; N = 3). B) There were significant alterations in budding pattern from 0 hour after 12 hours of exposure to doxorubicin in all strains. Generally, across all strains, doxorubicin caused an increase in multi-bud and Large bud yeast and a decrease in Small bud yeast. Same color bars (bud type) with the same letter are not significantly different between yeast (Tukey’s HSD p < 0.05; n = 3). C) There was a significant decrease in plating efficiency at 12 hours in all strains after exposure to 100 μM doxorubicin; however, there was no significant difference between strains at any time point. Bars with the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey’s HSD p < 0.05; n = 3)