Table 2.
The applications of metal oxide nanoparticles in age-associated disorders
| Diseases | Nanoparticles used | Outcomes | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Myocardial infarction | Iron oxide NPs (Fe3O4 NPs) | The connexin 43 expression was improved after the treatment of Fe3O4 NPs. Connexin 43 is a gap junction protein between cardiomyoblasts and mesenchymal cells and its increased expression improved rate of rat survival and its heart physiology | (Han et al. 2015) |
| Diabetes | Zinc oxide NPs (ZnO NPs) | Homocysteine (Hcy) and asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), the biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and fasting blood glucose, insulin, NO levels were found to be increased in STZ-induced diabetic rats. ZnO NPs loaded with Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduced these complications of diabetes in rats | (Hussein et al. 2020) |
| Hypertension | Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) | An aptasensor acting as antibody for protein epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), was prepared by the electrodepositing CeO2 NPs on carbon electrode. The CeO2 NP aptasensor detected ENaC concentrations in a linear range of 0.05–3.0 ng ml−1, and with the limits of detection of 0.012 ng ml−1 | (Hartati et al. 2021) |
| Cancer | Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) | CeO2 NPs were cytotoxic to melanoma 518A2 and colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cell lines. CeO2 NPs showed prooxidant activity and induced the generation of reactive ROS which led to the hypoxic death of cancer cells | (pešić et al. 2015) |
| Alzheimer’s disease | Quercetin-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (QT-Fe3O4 NPs) | Aluminum chloride-induced Alzheimer’s disease Wistar rats were treated with QT-Fe3O4 NPs. The treatment improved the cognitive functioning and memory also it decreased the expression of APP gene and miRNA101 in diseased rats. Hence, protecting the neurons against AD pathology | (Amanzadeh Jajin et al. 2021) |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) | The antioxidant enzyme-like behavior of CeO2 NPs improved the survival and the symptoms of ALS like improvement in muscle function in SODG93A transgenic mice. The CeO2 NPs showed oxidase and catalase-like activity in vitro | (DeCoteau et al. 2016) |