Table 7.

Testing dataset on Genant fracture grading in the lumbar spine to compare AI performance with human labels in accuracy and sensitivity with bootstrapping method

Degree of lumbar fractures	Accuracy			Sensitivity
	Mean, %	95% CI, %	p value	Mean, %	95% CI, %	p value
Grade 1	84	83.55-84.23	< 0.001	78	77.39-78.53	< 0.001
Grade 2	95	94.74-95.14	< 0.001	99	98.41-100.0	< 0.001
Grade 3	94	93.50-93.97	< 0.001	97	97.12-97.57	< 0.001

A total of 141 fractured lumbar vertebrae were included in the test dataset; the fractured lumbar vertebrae included Grade 1 (n = 50), Grade 2 (n = 54), and Grade 3 (n = 37) fractures.