. 2020 Dec 24;5(1):txaa231. doi: 10.1093/tas/txaa231

Table 5.

Behavior of steers weaned abruptly (A, 237 d age), after placement of a nose flap for 7 d (N, 237 d age), or after a 49-d delay (D, 286 d age) presented by treatment least square mean (LSM) or daily observations with standard errors (SEM)

			Treatment
Behavior (units)	Observation period	LSM or day no.	A	N	D	SEM
Suckling or attempt (% of observations)	Baseline week	LSM	4.8^b,x	2.8^a,x	2.3^a	0.7
	Nose flap in	LSM	7.4^b,y	4.7^a,y	N/A	0.7
	Noseflap day	1	9.0^b,y	6.0^a,y	N/A	1.4
	Noseflap day	2	4.6^x	5.4^xy	N/A
	Noseflap day	3	6.7^xy	4.9^xy	N/A
	Noseflap day	4	9.2^b,y	2.5^a,x	N/A
Pacing (% of observations)	Postweaning	LSM	6.6	3.2	4.1	1.6
	Postweaning day	1	18.8^b,z	2.8^a	11.7^ab,y	3.5
	Postweaning day	2	7.2^y	2.1	4.2^xy
	Postweaning day	3	0^x	5.4	0.8^x
	Postweaning day	4	1.1^x	2.4	0^x
Vocalizations (count per hour)	Baseline week	LSM	3.3^x	2.0^x	1.0^x	1.5
	Nose flap in	LSM	2.9^x	3.5^x	N/A	1.3
	Postweaning	LSM	20.6^c,y	7.3^a,y	14.4^b,y	1.5
	Postweaning day	1	46.5^c,y	12.8^a,y	39.3^b,y	3.0
	Postweaning day	2	26.8^c,y	6.8^a,x	13.9^b,y
	Postweaning day	3	6.1^x	5.5^x	3.4^x
	Postweaning day	4	3.1^x	4.1^x	0.9^x
Eating forage (% of observations)	Baseline week	LSM	45.0^y	45.0^y	46.3^y	2.1
	Nose flap in	LSM	44.0^y	46.0^y	N/A	2.1
	Postweaning	LSM	13.1^a,x	22.3^b,x	25.9^b,x	2.1
	Postweaning day	1	8.7^a,x	23.8^b	31.4^b	4.1
	Postweaning day	2	12.8^x	21.1	23.2
	Postweaning day	3	20.1^y	25.5	28.7
	Postweaning day	4	10.9^x	18.6	20.1
Lying down (% of observations)	Baseline week	LSM	22.6^b,x	21.8^b,xy	14.3^a	2.2
	Nose flap in	LSM	25.2^x,y	20.6^x	N/A	2.2
	Postweaning	LSM	30.9^b,y	30.1^b,y	14.9^a	2.2

^a,bValues without common superscripts differ between treatments within period (P < 0.05).

^x,y,zValues without common superscripts differ between periods or days within treatment (P < 0.05).