Table 3.
Within-between models predicting changes in work engagement with time: fixed effects.
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||||||
|
|
B (SE) | P value | B (SE) | P value | ||||||
| Constant | 4.84 (3.82) | .21 | 3.99 (3.89) | .31 | ||||||
| Within-person variables | ||||||||||
|
|
T2 (reference: T1) | 0.08 (0.26) | .75 | 0.11 (0.26) | .68 | |||||
|
|
T3 (reference: T1) | 0.08 (0.28) | .77 | 0.10 (0.28) | .71 | |||||
|
|
T4 (reference: T1) | –0.66a (0.29) | .02 | 2.69 (1.31) | .04 | |||||
|
|
Work-related social media communication | 0.38 (0.15) | .009 | 0.38 (0.15) | .01 | |||||
|
|
Nonwork-related social media communication | 0.11 (0.17) | .50 | 0.12 (0.17) | .48 | |||||
|
|
Social support | 0.82 (0.09) | <.001 | 0.81 (0.09) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
Task resources | 0.91 (0.10) | <.001 | 0.92 (0.10) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
Psychological distress | –0.28 (0.04) | <.001 | –0.25 (0.04) | <.001 | |||||
| Between-person variables | ||||||||||
|
|
Females | 4.02 (0.54) | <.001 | 4.02 (0.54) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
Basic education | –1.97 (1.87) | .29 | –1.97 (1.87) | .29 | |||||
|
|
Secondary degree | –0.11 (0.54) | .84 | –0.11 (0.54) | .84 | |||||
|
|
Age at T1 (years) | 0.08 (0.02) | .003 | 0.08 (0.02) | .003 | |||||
|
|
Work-related social media communication | 0.44 (0.39) | .26 | 0.44 (0.39) | .26 | |||||
|
|
Nonwork-related social media communication | 1.35 (0.45) | .003 | 1.35 (0.45) | .003 | |||||
|
|
Social support | 0.72 (0.14) | <.001 | 0.72 (0.14) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
Task resources | 1.89 (0.15) | <.001 | 1.89 (0.15) | <.001 | |||||
|
|
Psychological distress | –0.57 (0.08) | <.001 | –0.57 (0.08) | <.001 | |||||
| Within-level interactions | ||||||||||
|
|
Psychological distress at T4 | N/Ab | N/A | –0.14 (0.05) | .012 | |||||
aValues in italics are significant.
bN/A: not applicable.