Figure 3.
(Multi)cellular models of atrial electrophysiology and their roles in AF management. (A) Illustrations of currently available subcellular, cellular, and multicellular atrial electrophysiology models. (B–D) The role of cellular modelling to improve the understanding of basic AF mechanisms and determinants (B), in drug-target discovery, exemplified by IKur and IK2P block, resulting in prolongation of APD and destabilization of reentrant waves (C), and in safety pharmacology (i.e. the CiPA initiative; D).