Table 1. Sample size for immature and adult male orphans and non-orphans in each of the four study communities.
| Community | Age class | Orphan status | N.ID | No. of samples | Mean ± SE no. of sample per individual | Age range (years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taï East | Immatures | Non-orphans | 8* | 112 | 14.0 ± 3.8 | 3.8–11.9 |
| Recently orphaned | 5* | 116 | 23.2 ± 9.1 | 4.1–11.9 | ||
| Non-recently orphaned | 9* | 136 | 15.1 ± 6.4 | 6.1–11.8 | ||
| Adult males | Non-orphans | 4 | 456 | 114.0 ± 56.2 | 13.8–40.7 | |
| Orphans | 3 | 354 | 118.0 ± 18.0 | 12.3–19.8 | ||
| Taï Middle | Immatures | Non-orphans | ||||
| Recently orphaned | ||||||
| Non-recently orphaned | ||||||
| Adult males | Non-orphans | 3 | 17 | 5.7 ± 0.67 | 17.2–33.7 | |
| Orphans | ||||||
| Taï North | Immatures | Non-orphans | 11 | 168 | 15.3 ± 4.3 | 3.0–12.0 |
| Recently orphaned | ||||||
| Non-recently orphaned | 2 | 7 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 10.5–11.3 | ||
| Adult males | Non-orphans | 3 | 95 | 31.7 ± 9.1 | 12.3–20.8 | |
| Orphans | 2 | 61 | 30.5 ± 3.5 | 12.1–20.4 | ||
| Taï South | Immatures | Non-orphans | 17* | 173 | 10.2 ± 1.5 | 2.8–11.9 |
| Recently orphaned | 2* | 18 | 9.0 ± 6.0 | 4.1–9.2 | ||
| Non-recently orphaned | 5* | 116 | 23.2 ± 7.7 | 6.1–11.9 | ||
| Adult males | Non-orphans | 7 | 858 | 122.6 ± 18.1 | 12.1–45.3 | |
| Orphans | 6 | 343 | 57.2 ± 31.5 | 12.1–21.9 |
*
50 immature individuals were included in this study but one immature in Taï East and two immatures in Taï South were sampled before and after their mother died (i.e., they are counted twice in the table, once as an orphan and once as a non-orphan). Six males were included in the study as both mature and immature individuals.