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. 2021 Jun 2;11:684396. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.684396

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Copyright © 2021 Simonetti, Angeli, Petracci, Fonzi, Vedovato, Sperotto, Padella, Ghetti, Ferrari, Robustelli, Di Liddo, Conconi, Papayannidis, Cerchione, Rondoni, Astolfi, Ottaviani, Martinelli and Gottardi

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ADM is overexpressed in the T cell compartment of AML patients and associates with a tolerogenic gene signature. (A) Comparison of ADM levels between CD4⁺ T cells from AML patients and healthy subjects (GSE14924) and (B) between CD8⁺ T cells from AML patients and healthy subjects (GSE117090). Scatter plots were generated with the R package ggplot2 (48) (version 3.3.1). Each dot indicates one sample and the bar represents the median value (CNTRL: healthy subjects). (C) Heatmap of ADM co-expressed genes that are differentially expressed between CD4⁺ or (D) CD8⁺ T lymphocytes isolated from AML patients and from healthy subjects. Columns represent patients/subjects. Data were standardized through a z-score transformation. Color changes within a row indicate expression levels relative to the mean and rescaled on the transcript standard deviation. Genes are grouped according to average linkage hierarchical clustering. Heatmaps were built with R package pheatmap (64) (version 1.0.12). (E) GSEA of CD4⁺ T cells from AML patients compared with healthy subjects showing the enrichment of tolerance signatures (NES, normalized enrichment score, FDR, false discovery rate; Th2, T-helper 2, Treg, regulatory T cells).