4. Summary of studies: proportion of participants treated for tuberculosis.
| Study | Country | Design | Setting | Proportion participants treated | RR (95% CI) | |
| Smear arm (n/N) | Xpert arm (n/N) | |||||
| Calligaro 2015 | South Africa | RCT | intensive care units | 16/115 (14%) | 24/111 (22%) | 1.55 (0.87 to 2.77) |
| Churchyard 2015 | South Africa | cluster‐RCT | primary health clinics | 291/2332 (12%) | 250/2324 (11%) | 1.04 (0.76 to 1.43) |
| Cox 2014 | South Africa | cluster‐RCT | primary health clinic | 229/1003 (23%) | 277/982 (28%) | 1.23 (1.04 to 1.46) |
| Mupfumi 2014 | Zimbabwe | RCT | ART initiation centre | 45/210 (21%) | 43/214 (20%) | 0.94 (0.65 to 1.36) |
| Theron 2014a | multi‐country | RCT | primary health clinics | 317/758 (42%) | 324/744 (44%) | 1.03 (0.91, 1.16) |
ART: antiretroviral therapy CI: confidence interval RCT: randomized controlled trial RR: risk ratio
All estimates are unadjusted, apart from Churchyard 2015, who reported imbalance due to a small number of large clusters.