5. Summary of studies: proportion of treated participants with microbiological confirmation.

Study	Country	Design	Setting	Smear (n/N)	Xpert (n/N)	RR (95% CI)
Agizew 2019a	Botswana	stepped‐wedge	public HIV clinics	18/57	102/199	1.62 (1.08 to 2.44)
Calligaro 2015	South Africa	RCT	intensive care units	7/16	20/24	1.90 (1.06 to 3.41)
Churchyard 2015	South Africa	cluster‐RCT	primary health clinics	189/291	196/250	1.20 (0.98 to 1.47)
Cox 2014	South Africa	cluster‐RCT	primary health clinic	131/229	226/277	1.41 (1.13 to 1.77)
Mupfumi 2014	Zimbabwe	RCT	specialized hospital	14/45	20/43	1.50 (0.87 to 2.57)
Theron 2014a	multiple	RCT	primary health clinics	120/317	190/320	1.57 (1.33 to 1.86)

CI: confidence interval
RCT: randomized controlled trial
RR: risk ratio

All estimates use unadjusted, apart from Churchyard 2015, who reported imbalance due to a small number of large clusters.