Table 5.
Total household costs for an outpatient episode of diarrhea in 2018 US dollars by types of healthcare facility.
| Timing | Types of cost/time loss | Public healthcare facilities (n = 246) |
Private for-profit healthcare facilities (n = 65) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | 95% CI | n (c > 0) | Mean | SD | 95% CI | n (c > 0) | ||||
| Before current visita | Direct medical | 0.50 | 1.28 | 0.35 | 0.66 | 92 | 1.52 | 2.13 | 0.99 | 2.05 | 37 |
| Direct non-medical | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 5 | 0.08 | 0.46 | −0.02 | 0.20 | 6 | |
| Indirect | 0.62 | 1.60 | 0.42 | 0.83 | 246 | 2.00 | 12.10 | −0.99 | 4.99 | 65 | |
| Time loss [days] | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 246 | 0.06 | 0.29 | −0.02 | 0.13 | 65 | |
| Current visit | Direct medical | 0.07 | 0.35 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 167 | 4.78 | 6.00 | 3.29 | 6.26 | 64 |
| Direct non-medical | 1.05 | 1.90 | 0.81 | 1.29 | 210 | 3.14 | 9.07 | 0.89 | 5.38 | 63 | |
| Indirect | 1.98 | 3.90 | 1.49 | 2.47 | 246 | 5.64 | 18.06 | 1.16 | 10.11 | 65 | |
| Time loss [days] | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 246 | 0.19 | 0.45 | 0.07 | 0.30 | 65 | |
| Follow-upa | Direct medical | 1.78 | 1.99 | 1.53 | 2.04 | 197 | 4.68 | 4.13 | 3.66 | 5.71 | 61 |
| Direct non-medical | 0.12 | 1.05 | −0.01 | 0.25 | 11 | 0.63 | 1.99 | 0.13 | 1.13 | 11 | |
| Indirect | 0.37 | 4.60 | −0.20 | 0.95 | 16 | 1.32 | 5.45 | −0.04 | 2.67 | 9 | |
| Time loss [days] | 0.02 | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 16 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 9 | |
| Total direct (financial) cost | 3.56 | 3.87 | 3.07 | 4.04 | 246 | 14.83 | 15.66 | 10.95 | 18.71 | 65 | |
| Total economic cost | 6.53 | 10.37 | 5.22 | 7.83 | 246 | 23.77 | 44.18 | 12.83 | 34.73 | 65 | |
| Timing | Types of cost/time loss | Private not-for-profit healthcare facilities (n = 2) |
All healthcare facilities (n = 313) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | 95% CI | n (c > 0) | Mean | SD | 95% CI | n (c > 0) | ||||
| Before current visita | Direct medical | 0.06 | 0.08 | −0.71 | 0.83 | 2 | 0.71 | 1.54 | 0.54 | 0.89 | 131 |
| Direct non-medical | 0.00 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 11 | ||||
| Indirect | 0.48 | 0.37 | −2.89 | 3.86 | 2 | 0.91 | 5.69 | 0.28 | 1.54 | 313 | |
| Time loss [days] | 0.03 | 0.01 | −0.08 | 0.14 | 2 | 0.04 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 313 | |
| Current visit | Direct medical | 0.24 | 0.00 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 1 | 1.05 | 3.34 | 0.68 | 1.43 | 232 |
| Direct non-medical | 0.69 | 0.05 | 0.31 | 1.07 | 2 | 1.49 | 4.51 | 0.98 | 1.99 | 275 | |
| Indirect | 1.26 | 0.59 | −4.01 | 6.53 | 2 | 2.73 | 9.01 | 1.72 | 3.74 | 313 | |
| Time loss [days] | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 2 | 0.11 | 0.25 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 313 | |
| Follow-upa | Direct medical | 0.69 | 0.38 | −2.73 | 4.11 | 2 | 2.38 | 2.83 | 2.07 | 2.69 | 260 |
| Direct non-medical | 0.00 | – | – | – | 0 | 0.23 | 1.32 | 0.08 | 0.37 | 22 | |
| Indirect | 0.00 | – | – | – | 0 | 0.56 | 4.78 | 0.04 | 1.10 | 25 | |
| Time loss [days] | 0.00 | – | – | – | 0 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 25 | |
| Total direct (OOP) cost | 1.68 | 0.42 | −2.13 | 5.49 | 2 | 5.88 | 9.11 | 4.87 | 6.90 | 313 | |
| Total economic cost | 3.43 | 0.54 | −1.41 | 8.25 | 2 | 10.08 | 23.11 | 7.52 | 12.66 | 313 | |
Notes: SD, standard deviation; n (c > 0), number of caregivers with costs over zero Takas.
a
Includes costs incurred by public and private healthcare facilities and providers.