Table 4.
Risk factors and protective factors for DGE
| Variable | DGE (n = 62; 56.4%) |
No DGE (n = 48; 43.6%) |
Univariable P |
Multivariable OR (95% CI) |
Multivariable P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 69.8 (10.8) | 68.2 (11.1) | 0.323 | – | |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 11 (17.7%) | 10 (20.8%) | 0.682 | – | |
| Female*, n (%) | 31 (50%) | 20 (41.7%) | 0.385 | 1.86 (0.76–4.55) | 0.175 |
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2*, n (%) | 9 (14.5%) | 3 (6.3%) | 0.168 | 1.71 (0.38–7.69) | 0.485 |
| ASA III or higher, n (%) | 29 (46.8%) | 25 (52.1%) | 0.581 | – | |
| Chronic renal insufficiency, n (%) | 11 (17.7%) | 4 (8.3%) | 0.154 | – | |
| Previous abdominal surgery, n (%) | 21 (33.9%) | 15 (31.3%) | 0.771 | – | |
| Malignant disease*, n (%) | 54 (87.1%) | 41 (85.4%) | 0.799 | 1.21 (0.35–4.24) | 0.767 |
| Chyle leak, n (%) | 2 (3.2%) | 1 (2.1%) | 1.00 | – | |
| Intra-abdominal fluid collection, n (%) | 2 (3.2%) | 3 (6.3%) | 0.651 | – | |
| POPF, n (%) | 11 (17.7%) | 3 (6.3%) | 0.073 | 2.60 (0.52–13.04) | 0.246 |
| Intra-abdominal complication, n (%) | 31 (50.0%) | 7 (14.6%) | < 0.001 | 5.54 (2.00–15.36) | 0.001 |
| Pyloromyotomy performed, n (%) | 18 (29.0%) | 26 (54.2%) | 0.008 | 0.32 (0.13–0.77) | 0.011 |
Data are mean ± SD or n (%)
DGE delayed gastric emptying, BMI body mass index, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, POPF postoperative pancreatic fistula
*Additionally included in multivariate analysis because of association with DGE in multivariate analysis of prospective studies [10, 13, 20, 28]