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. 2021 Apr 28;46(8):1535–1543. doi: 10.1038/s41386-021-01011-8

Fig. 4. Both NE and noradrenergic-derived galanin are required for anxiety-like behavior 24 h following foot shock stress.

Fig. 4

Dbh−/−, GalcKO-Dbh, and their respective littermate controls (Dbh+/− and WT) received 20 min of foot shock (“Stress”) or no foot shock (“No stress”) and were tested in the elevated zero maze (EZM) 24 h later. a Foot shock stress paradigm timeline. b, c Dbh+/− and WT, but not Dbh−/− or GalcKO-Dbh mice, showed a significant decrease in percent time spent in the open segments of the EZM 24 h after foot shock stress. n = 10–12 mice per group. Error bars show SEM. *p < 0.05.