Fig. 5. Restoration of galanin, but not NE, signaling during stress exposure rescues normal stress-induced anxiety-like behavior 24 h later.

Gal^cKO-Dbh and Dbh^−/− mice were treated with the non-selective galanin receptor agonist galnon (2 mg/kg, i.p.) or the synthetic NE precursor DOPS (0.5 g/kg, s.c.), respectively. a Administration of galnon in Gal^cKO-Dbh mice prior to EZM testing did not affect 24 h foot shock stress-induced anxiety-like behavior. b Galnon administration prior to the foot shock restored normal stress-induced anxiety-like effect 24 h later. c Acute DOPS treatment in Dbh^−/− mice during EZM testing was anxiogenic compared to Dbh^−/− mice treated with vehicle, but mice tested 24 h following DOPS administration displayed normal behavior. d Treatment of Dbh^−/− mice with DOPS prior to foot shock stress exposure did not alter anxiety-like behavior 24 h later. n = 7–8 mice per group for a, b, d. n = 4 mice per group for c. Error bars show SEM. *p < 0.05.