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. 2021 Jun 16;12:3678. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23891-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

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Fig. 1 — A capacitor of fixed capacitance $C_{fix}$ is connected in series to a time-varying capacitor, $C (t)$ , and an electric load, $R$ . The capacitor $C_{fix}$ is initially connected to a priming voltage source $V_{ref}$ for momentary charging and is then disconnected.