Table 1.
Demographics, clinical and pathological characteristics of 1019 HIV positive and negative women diagnosed with breast cancer at Chris Hani Baragwanath and Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospitals between May 2015 and September 2017.
| Overall (n = 1019) | HIV-positive (n = 221) | HIV-negative (n = 764) | p-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Demographics | ||||
| Age at diagnosis (median (IQR)) | 54 (44–64) | 44 (39–52) | 57 (46–67) | <0.001 |
| Self-Reported Ethnicity | ||||
| Black | 854 (84.0%) | 214 (97.3%) | 614 (80.5%) | |
| White | 85 (8.4%) | 1 (0.5%) | 80 (10.5%) | |
| Mixed Ancestry | 58 (5.7%) | 5 (2.3%) | 52 (6.8%) | |
| Asian | 20 (2.0%) | 0 (0%) | 17 (2.2%) | |
| BMI (median (IQR)) | 30.5 (25.5–35.8) | 27.3 (22.9–33.9) | 31.6 (26.7–36.2) | <0.001 |
| Co-morbiditiesb | ||||
| Yes | 484 (47.9%) | 78 (35.8%) | 387 (51.0%) | |
| No | 527 (52.1%) | 140 (64.2%) | 372 (49.0%) | <0.001 |
| Losses to follow-up | 36 (3.5%) | 7 (3.2%) | 28 (3.7%) | 0.725 |
| Educationc | ||||
| Primary or lower | 238 (23.8%) | 42 (19.3%) | 186 (24.8%) | |
| Secondary | 669 (66.8%) | 156 (71.6%) | 491 (65.6%) | |
| Tertiary | 94 (9.4%) | 20 (9.6%) | 72 (9.6%) | 0.206 |
| Employment | ||||
| Employed | 553 (55.0%) | 109 (49.8%) | 428 (56.9%) | |
| Unemployed | 452 (45.0%) | 110 (50.2%) | 324 (43.1%) | 0.061 |
| Tumor characteristics | ||||
| Clinical stage at diagnosis | ||||
| Stage 1 | 60 (6.1%) | 6 (2.7%) | 54 (7.1%) | |
| Stage 2 | 372 (38.1%) | 77 (35.0%) | 295 (39.0%) | |
| Stage 3 | 390 (39.9%) | 99 (45.0%) | 291 (38.4%) | |
| Stage 4 | 155 (15.9%) | 38 (17.3%) | 117 (15.5%) | 0.040 |
| Early Stage (1 and 2) | 447 (44.3%) | 83 (37.7%) | 349 (46.1%) | |
| Advanced Stage (3 and 4) | 563 (55.7%) | 137 (62.3%) | 408 (53.9%) | 0.028 |
| Tumour grade | ||||
| Grade 1 | 55 (5.7%) | 11 (5.3%) | 42 (5.8%) | |
| Grade 2 | 486 (50.6%) | 113 (54.1%) | 356 (49.4%) | |
| Grade 3 | 420 (43.7%) | 85 (40.7%) | 323 (44.8%) | 0.490 |
| Receptor subtyped | ||||
| Luminal A | 135 (14.1%) | 23 (11.1%) | 106 (14.8%) | |
| Luminal B | 615 (64.3%) | 135 (64.9%) | 460 (64.1%) | |
| Her2-enriched | 58 (6.1%) | 12 (5.8%) | 43 (6.0%) | |
| Triple negative | 149 (15.6%) | 38 (18.3%) | 109 (15.2%) | 0.459 |
| Treatments | ||||
| Completed Chemotherapy | 655 (90.9%) | 164 (92.1%) | 478 (90.9%) | 0.608 |
| Completed Radiation | 413 (99.8%) | 83 (100%) | 318 (99.7%) | 0.610 |
| HIV positive patients: | ||||
| Detectable viral loade | 89 (47.1%) | |||
| CD4 count (median (IQR)) | 477 (295–677) | |||
| Duration HIV positivity | ||||
| ≤1 year | 66 (29.9%) | |||
| >1 year | 155 (70.1%) | |||
| On ART | 158 (72.5%) | |||
| On ART at diagnosis | 131 (60.1%) | |||
| Duration ART usage | ||||
| ≤1 year | 30 (19.0%) | |||
| >1 year | 128 (81.0%) |
Note: 34 patients had unknown HIV status. Missing values as follows: ethnicity n = 2, BMI n = 78, co-morbidities n = 8, education n = 18, employment n = 14, stage n = 9, grade n = 58, receptor subtype n = 62, viral load n = 32, CD4 count n = 12, art n = 3, duration of ART n = 63. 298 participants did not receive chemotherapy and 605 participants did not receive radiation therapy.
P-values compare HIV-positive to HIV-negative patients using a chi-squared test except for age, BMI and follow-up time which use a Mann-Whitney test.
Co-morbidities included hypertension (77.7%), diabetes (18.8%), arthritis (17.6%), tuberculosis (11.6%), asthma/COPD (11.2%), heart disease (5.0%), stroke (3.9%).
Primary education refers to the first 7 years of school education and secondary as the first 12 years.
Receptor subtypes were defined by immunohistochemistry as follows: Luminal A (ER +, PR +, HER2 -, Ki 67 < 14%), Luminal B (ER +, PR +/−, HER2 -, Ki 67 > 14% or ER +, PR +/−, HER-2 +, any Ki 67), HER2-enriched (ER/PR -, HER2 +, any Ki 67) and Triple negative breast cancer (ER/PR/HER2 -, any Ki 67).
Viral loads were detectable when >50 copies/ml.