Table 4.

Text examples of the key safety culture terms related to the frame “The Organization”

Theme	Safety culture key terms	Text examples
Belief	Belief	“Had MSHA followed the mandates of Congress, and had ICG operated the mine with an eye firmly focused on miners' safety, there is every reason to believe that every person underground that day would have survived” (p.1) [37]. “It's my firm belief that they had no intention of complying” (p.340) [36].
Safety Culture	Commitment	“A genuine commitment to safety means not just examining miners' work practices and behaviors. It means evaluating management decisions up the chain of command – all the way to the boardroom – about how miners' work is organized and performed” (p.4) [38]. “A policy statement confirming the organization's commitment to safety and the obligation upon workers, supervisors and management to contribute to a safe working environment” (p.24) [33]. “Miners' rights to a safe workplace are compromised when the operator's commitment to production comes at the cost of safety” (p.112) [38].
	Social practices	“Disease and injury is not settled simply by setting environmental standards. It is determined by individual, legislative, and social judgments as expressed in work practices and their supervision, in regulatory standards and processes of enforcement” (p.95) [32]. “There is an obvious disconnect between the lofty safety standards … and the reality of conditions inspectors and investigators [find] (p.95)… Practices such as these can only exist in a workplace where the deviant has become normal, and evidence suggests that a great number of deviant practices became normalized at the Upper Big Branch mine” (p.97) [38].
	Attention	“The response of Westray management to these continuing problems seemed to exacerbate them and divert attention from other serious safety concerns. In the result, the entire safety mentality at Westray deteriorated while management was consumed with its apparent inability to deal with ground control … Although it is impossible to quantify the contribution of such a major diversion to the disaster, it was likely significant” (p.382) [36]. “Regular risk assessments help focus attention on the hazards that pose the greatest risk to health and safety. They also ensure that the sector is able to identify new or evolving hazards and take steps to mitigate them” (p.6) [40].
	Safety culture	“All partners in [the] mining occupational health and safety system – the Ministry of Labour, the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board, the relevant Health and Safety Associations, the joint occupational health and safety committees or representatives and workers and employers – play a critical role in creating a health and safety culture” (p.7) [40]. “The role of the mine manager in creating and maintaining a culture that fosters worker participation and identifying and mitigating hazards is key to an effective IRS” (p.56) [40]. “A culture created a climate in which a disaster … could occur … such total and catastrophic systemic failures can only be explained in the context of a culture in which wrongdoing became acceptable, where deviation became the norm” (p.101) [38].
	Shared	“Although the overall responsibility for safety in the workplace lies with the top management and although this responsibility cannot be shared, cooperation of everybody in the workplace is essential for the effective discharge of that responsibility” (p.80) [33]. “The Review heard from various sources … that research is being done and/or new techniques to reduce injury and illness are being tested but the information is not being shared. When findings that show better ways to improve health and safety are not shared, they can't make a difference” (p.63) [40].
	Observable	“That committee conducts a clinical assessment of each referred claimant to determine if there is silicosis and observable impairment” (p.86) [32].