Table 1.

Demographics and cognitive features of participants.

	HC-Female	HC-Male	aMCI-Female	aMCI-Male	AD-Female	AD-Male	P-value-group	P-value-sex	P-value-interaction
Number	38	25	29	27	50	32	0.516
Age	63.76 ± 7.13	67.28 ± 9.12	66.03 ± 8.09	65.07 ± 7.16	65.08 ± 10.34	68.84 ± 9.21	0.539	0.098	0.251
Education years	10.16 ± 3.36	12.52 ± 4.03	8.66 ± 4.75	11.52 ± 4.43	5.98 ± 4.35	9.25 ± 4.39	<0.001**	<0.001**	0.821
TIV	1315.6 ± 92.2	1427.1 ± 96.4	1305.6 ± 84.2	1435.3 ± 73.1	1255.5 ± 85.8	1412.5 ± 84.6	0.016*	<0.001**	0.300
Mean-FD	0.173 ± 0.104	0.175 ± 0.116	0.196 ± 0.105	0.183 ± 0.090	0.180 ± 0.104	0.212 ± 0.125	0.477	0.651	0.479
MMSE	28.66 ± 1.10	28.72 ± 0.98	26.45 ± 1.48	26.41 ± 1.69	15.10 ± 5.60	17.97 ± 4.82	<0.001**	0.063	0.025*
AVLT (Immediate)	9.24 ± 1.70	8.41 ± 1.62	6.34 ± 2.08	6.05 ± 1.67	3.75 ± 1.92	2.69 ± 1.89	<0.001**	0.006**	0.481
AVLT (Delay)	11 (4.25)	9 (4)	6 (3.5)	5 (3)	0 (5.20)	0 (1.75)	<0.001**	0.012*	0.833
AVLT (Recognition)	14.39 ± 0.82	13.76 ± 1.20	13.21 ± 2.19	11.78 ± 2.31	11.23 ± 2.99	8.41 ± 4.96	<0.001**	<0.001**	0.070
DS (Forward)	7.44 ± 1.39	7.87 ± 1.14	7.13 ± 1.38	7.32 ± 1.45	5.67 ± 1.55	5.96 ± 1.99	<0.001**	0.173	0.910
DS (Backward)	4.84 ± 1.41	5.27 ± 1.28	3.61 ± 0.90	4.32 ± 1.33	2.76 ± 1.24	2.90 ± 0.99	<0.001**	0.016*	0.410
VFT	17 (6.65)	16 (6.65)	13.35 (4.50)	13.35 (3.00)	11 (6.35)	10.5 (5.35)	<0.001**	0.882	0.644

TIV, total intracranial volume; mean-FD, mean frame-wise displacement; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; AVLT, Auditory Verbal Learning Test; DS, Digit SpanTest; VFT, Vocabulary fluency test; p < 0.05 means significant statistic difference (corrected by multiple comparison). * indicates p < 0.05; ** indicates p < 0.01.