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. 2021 Jun 3;12:672860. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.672860

Table 7.

Discordant rates of attack modulatory factors in patients with epilepsy among the different countries.

Brazil N = 82 Turkey N = 96 Guatemala N = 42 Lithuania N = 149
Certain memories* 50.0 3.1 19 12.8
Certain thoughts* 53.7 5.2 14.3 13.4
Déjà vu* 24.4 0 9.5 22.1
Positive feelings—inhibition* 9.8 0 0.8 18.8
Negative feelings* 68.3 53.1 71.4 41.6
Thinking/concentration * 34.1 6.3 19 9.4
Inhibition* 3.7 0 16.7 11.4
Mental calculations* 19.5 1 7.1 4
Alcohol* 19.5 12.5 9.5 27.5
(Not applicable) 24.4 66.7 0 (2.7)
Coffee** 6.3 1 0* 11.8
(Not applicable) 3.7 4.2 0 (4)
Sudden unexpected loud noise* 23.2 0 14.3 18.1
Listening to talks, audit. overexposure * 22 0 0 6.7
Pain* 26.8 0 26.2 15.4
Emotional speaking** 6.1 3.1 16.7 15.3
Reading silently* 7.3 0 4.8 15.3
Inhibition* 0 0 0 11.9
Sports* 23.2 1 14.3 11.4
Excess sleep* 19.5 0 0 10.1
Seizures upon awakening** 17.1 27.1 31 9.4
Seizures while asleep* 22 3.1 2.4 13.4
Physical stress* 40.2 43.8 9.5 20.1
Fever** 22 7.3 19 11.4

Statistical calculations were done among those who were exposed to modulatory factors. The rates show provocation rates unless otherwise stated. The bold and underlined ones are statistically significant rates according to adjusted residual (≥2) values and p-value (<0.05) in Pearson chi-square. The italic and underlined ones are meaningful according to adjusted residuals and p-values (<0.05) in chi-square, but not the rates in which the number of individuals are <15.

*

p ≤ 0.001.

**

p < 0.05.