Table 4.

Summary of PCR oligonucleotides used for detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in fresh produce.

Type of PCR	Target gene	Sequence	Amplicon size (bp)	Note	Reference
nested	12S rRNA	1st: p60for: 5′-TTAAGATATATGTGGTACAGGATTAGATACCC-3′ p375rev: 5′AACCGAGGGTGACGGGCGGTGTGTACC-3′	373	final PCR products sequenced	Lass et al., 2015, Lass et al., 2017
		2nd: Em.nest/for: 5′-GTGAGTGATTCTTGTTAGGGGAAGA-3′ Em.nest/rev: 5′-ACAATACCATATTACAACAATATTCCTATC-3′	204
qPCR (triplex)		EmMGB_F: 5´-GTGCTGCTYATAAGAGTTTTTG-3′; EmMGB_R: 5´-CTATTAAGTCCTAAACAATACCATA-3′; EmMGB_P FAM-ACAACAATATTCCTATCAATGT-MGBEQ	77	other targets: TG and CC	Temesgen et al. (2019b), Pineda et al. (2020)
conventional (triplex)a	nad1	Cest 1: 5′- TGC TGA TTT GTT AAA GTT AGT GAT C-3′; Cest2: 5′-CAT AAA TCA ATG GAA ACA ACA ACA AG-3′	395	PCR products sequenced	Federer et al. (2016), Guggisberg et al. (2020)
qPCR-MCA		Cest 1 + Cest2		analytical limit 1 egg set by TaP; PCR products sequenced	Frey et al. (2019)
		EmNAD1_88: 5´-TTGTGTGCTGGTTGGGGTAG -3; R: 5´-AACAAGCTTCAAACCTAACAGACC -3′	88		Malkamaki et al. (2019a)
	–b	5′-TCACAGTTTCGTAAGGGTCCAAAT-3′; 5′-CCAACTAACAACAACACCCC-3′	149		Malkamaki et al. (2019b)

TG = Toxoplasma gondii, TaP = Taenia pisiformis, CC = Cyclospora cayetanensis, MCA = melting curve analysis.

^aOther targets: Echinococcus spp. + other cestoda.

^bPCR specific for Taenia laticollis.