Table 2.
Baseline HF patient characteristics by billing quintile
| Characteristic∗ | Total N = 56,262 |
Physician billing quintile |
P value† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile 1 n = 7529 | Quintile 2 n = 8645 | Quintile 3 n = 9795 | Quintile 4 n = 14,121 | Quintile 5 n = 16,172 | |||
| Age, median (Q1, Q3) | 76 (67,84) | 75 (64,83) | 76 (67,84) | 77 (67,84) | 77 (67,84) | 76 (67,83) | < 0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 31,555 (56.1) | 4376 (58.1) | 4939 (57.1) | 5374 (54.9) | 7880 (55.8) | 8986 (55.6) | < 0.001 |
| Income quintile, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
| 1 (lowest) | 12,484 (22.2) | 1757 (23.3) | ,858 (21.5) | 2116 (21.6) | 3055 (21.6) | 3698 (22.9) | |
| 2 | 12,185 (21.7) | 1613 (21.4) | 1893 (21.9) | 2101 (21.4) | 2952 (20.9) | 3626 (22.4) | |
| 3 | 11,138 (19.8) | 1383 (18.4) | 1629 (18.8) | 1914 (19.5) | 2777 (19.7) | 3435 (21.2) | |
| 4 | 10,856 (19.3) | 1343 (17.8) | 1671 (19.3) | 1952 (19.9) | 2869 (20.3) | 3021 (18.7) | |
| 5 (highest) | 9598 (17.1) | 1433 (19.0) | 1594 (18.4) | 1712 (17.5) | 2468 (17.5) | 2392 (14.8) | |
| Rurality, n (%) | 6250 (11.1) | 1097 (14.6) | 894 (10.3) | 1065 (10.9) | 1646 (11.7) | 1548 (9.6) | < 0.001 |
| Prior myocardial infarction, n (%) | 9085 (16.1) | 1233 (16.4) | 1517 (17.5) | 1583 (16.2) | 2226 (15.8) | 2526 (15.6) | 0.001 |
| Prior coronary revascularization, n (%) | 7585 (13.5) | 991 (13.2) | 1316 (15.2) | 1242 (12.7) | 1784 (12.6) | 2252 (13.9) | < 0.001 |
| Renal dysfunction, n (%) | 13,426 (23.9) | 1932 (25.7) | 2132 (24.7) | 2275 (23.2) | 3239 (22.9) | 3848 (23.8) | < 0.001 |
| Previous stroke, n (%) | 3566 (6.3) | 508 (6.7) | 608 (7.0) | 621 (6.3) | 850 (6.0) | 979 (6.1) | 0.008 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 4867 (8.7) | 700 (9.3) | 831 (9.6) | 815 (8.3) | 1188 (8.4) | 1333 (8.2) | < 0.001 |
| COPD, n (%) | 15,415 (27.4) | 2010 (26.7) | 2378 (27.5) | 2713 (27.7) | 3,921 (27.8) | 4393 (27.2) | 0.44 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 39,594 (70.4) | 5257 (69.8) | 6205 (71.8) | 6809 (69.5) | 9763 (69.1) | 11,560 (71.5) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 30,247 (53.8) | 3896 (51.7) | 4598 (53.2) | 5125 (52.3) | 7539 (53.4) | 9089 (56.2% | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 50,767 (90.2) | 6606 (87.7) | 7810 (90.3) | 8753 (89.4) | 12,750 (90.3) | 14,848 (91.8) | < 0.001 |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR, interquartile range; Q1, first quartile; Q3, third quartile.
∗
Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina score and left ventricle function not included due to high number of missing values.
†
P values for continuous variables calculated from Kruskal-Wallis tests, and P values for categorical variables calculated from χ2 tests of independence. A 2-tailed P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.