Table 3.

Mixed effects logistic regression results for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures over 7 years

Outcome∗	Median billing quintile (ref: quintile 2)	CAD		HF
		Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value†	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value†
At least 1 echocardiogram in 1 year	1	0.96 (0.83-1.12)	0.63	0.94 (0.84-1.06)	0.31
	3	1.04 (0.89-1.20)	0.64	1.01 (0.90-1.13)	0.90
	4	1.20 (1.03-1.40)	0.02	1.12 (0.99-1.26)	0.07
	5	1.65 (1.39-1.94)	< 0.001	1.40 (1.23-1.59)	< 0.001
At least 1 stress test in 1 year	1	1.13 (0.98-1.31)	0.09	1.00 (0.88-1.14)	0.98
	3	1.27 (1.10-1.46)	0.001	1.12 (0.99-1.26)	0.08
	4	1.30 (1.12-1.51)	0.001	1.13 (1.00-1.29)	0.06
	5	1.50 (1.28-1.75)	< 0.001	1.32 (1.15-1.51)	< 0.001
At least 1 revascularization in 1 year	1	1.09 (1.00-1.18)	0.05	0.89 (0.75-1.06)	0.19
	3	0.98 (0.91-1.05)	0.55	1.06 (0.90-1.24)	0.51
	4	0.92 (0.86-0.99)	0.03	1.02 (0.86-1.21)	0.80
	5	0.93 (0.86-1.01)	0.09	0.95 (0.80-1.14)	0.58
At least 1 catheterization in 1 year	1	1.13 (1.02-1.25)	0.02	1.01 (0.88-1.16)	0.91
	3	0.97 (0.88-1.07)	0.52	1.03 (0.90-1.18)	0.66
	4	0.88 (0.79-0.97)	0.01	1.01 (0.87-1.16)	0.93
	5	0.86 (0.77-0.95)	0.005	0.97 (0.84-1.13)	0.73
At least 1 defibrillator implant in 1 year‡	1			1.09 (0.93-1.26)	0.28
	3			1.00 (0.86-1.16)	0.99
	4			1.01 (0.87-1.18)	0.88
	5			0.91 (0.77-1.06)	0.22

CAD, coronary artery disease; CI, confidence interval; HF, heart failure; OR, odds ratio.

^∗A 2-tailed P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

^†Analyses are adjusted for year, patient, and physician characteristics.

^‡Analysis of defibrillator implant only included for HF cohort.