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. 2021 Jun 3;12:678771. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678771

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Copyright © 2021 Dowey, Iqbal, Heller, Sabroe and Prince

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Summary of changes in neutrophil function in diabetes. Neutrophils in diabetes are functionally altered, due to exposure to the diabetic microenvironment, including changes to blood glucose as well as other factors. Phagocytosis, chemotaxis, intracellular ROS production and apoptosis are reduced in diabetes, whereas extracellular ROS, cytokines and NETosis are increased. Examples of mechanisms underpinning the functional changes are also noted. extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD), protein kinase C (PKC), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), low-density neutrophils (LDNs), G protein coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2). Figure created with BioRender.com.