TABLE 3.
Antisense oligonucleotides in IBD treatment.
| Antisense oligonucleotides for IBD treatment | |
| Target of AONs | Administration approach | 
| Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (alicaforsen) (Jairath et al., 2017) | Intravenous, rectal | 
| Inhibition of Smad7 (mongersen) (Boirivant et al., 2006) | Oral | 
| NF-κBp65 (Murano et al., 2000) | Intracolonic | 
| Blocking CD154/CD40 interactions (Gao et al., 2005) | Intracolonic | 
| TNF-α (Duan et al., 2019) | Oral |