Table 1.
CSC markers identified in different cancers.
| Markers | Tumor initiating capacity | Drug resistance | Metastasis initiating capacity |
|---|---|---|---|
| CD133 | Pancreatic cancer (Banerjee et al., 2014; Nomura et al., 2015) | Colorectal cancer (Yuan et al., 2020) Breast cancer (Nadal et al., 2013) Ovarian carcinoma (Liu et al., 2020) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Anbarlou et al., 2015) |
Pancreatic cancer (Nomura et al., 2015) Colorectal cancers (Huang et al., 2012a; Fang et al., 2016; Kishikawa et al., 2016) Ovarian cancer (Long et al., 2015) |
| CD44 | Cervical cancer (Feng et al., 2009) Prostate cancer (Ni et al., 2014) |
Prostate cancer (Ni et al., 2014) Ovarian cancer (Zhang et al., 2019) Breast cancer (Liu et al., 2017) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Hoofd et al., 2016) |
Prostate cancer (Ni et al., 2014) Ovarian cancer (Zhang et al., 2019) Oral squamous cell carcinoma (Ortiz et al., 2018) Colorectal cancers (Huang et al., 2012b) |
| CD123 | Acute myeloid leukemia (Abdollahpour-Alitappeh et al., 2018) | Acute myeloid leukemia (Yabushita et al., 2018; Yan et al., 2019) | – |
| CD26 | – | – | Chronic myeloid leukemia (Herrmann et al., 2014) |
| CD117/c-KIT | Hepatocellular carcinoma (Xu et al., 2018) | Ovarian cancer (Fang et al., 2020) | Hepatocellular carcinoma (Xu et al., 2018) |
| CD93 | – | Chronic myeloid leukemia (Kinstrie et al., 2020) | – |
| CD9 | Acute myeloid leukemia (Liu et al., 2021) | Acute myeloid leukemia (Liu et al., 2021) | – |
| CD25 | – | Acute myeloid leukemia (Allan et al., 2018; Yabushita et al., 2018) | – |
| ABCG2 | Breast cancer (Sicchieri et al., 2015) Colon cancer (Xie et al., 2014) |
Colon cancer (Xie et al., 2014) Bladder cancer cells (Roh et al., 2018) Esophageal squamous cancer cells (Huang et al., 2012a) Chronic myeloid leukemia (Jing et al., 2021) |
Esophageal squamous cancer cells (Huang et al., 2012a) Hepatocellular carcinoma (Hu et al., 2020) Breast invasive ductal carcinoma (Xiang et al., 2011) |
| CD49f (ITGA6) | Osteosarcoma (Penfornis et al., 2014) Triple negative breast cancer (Gomez-Miragaya and Gonzalez-Suarez, 2017) Colon cancer (Haraguchi et al., 2013) |
Triple negative breast cancer (Gomez-Miragaya and Gonzalez-Suarez, 2017) Ovarian carcinoma (Sedlak et al., 1996) |
Breast cancer (Vassilopoulos et al., 2014) Human cervical cancer (Ammothumkandy et al., 2016) |
| CD66 | Human cervical Cancer (Bajaj et al., 2011; Ammothumkandy et al., 2016) | – | Human cervical cancer (Bajaj et al., 2011; Ammothumkandy et al., 2016) |
| EpCAM/ESA | Hepatocellular carcinoma (Chen et al., 2012) Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Hoe et al., 2017) |
Hepatocellular carcinoma (Chen et al., 2012) | Human colorectal cancer (Chen et al., 2020) |
| CD90 | Lung cancer (Yan et al., 2013) Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (Tang et al., 2013) |
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (Tang et al., 2013) | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (Tang et al., 2013) |
| CD166 | – | – | Human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Sun et al., 2019) |
| LGR5 | Breast cancer (Yang et al., 2015) | Colorectal cancer (Hsu et al., 2013) | Colorectal cancer (Valladares-Ayerbes et al., 2012) |
| OCT4 | Hepatocellular carcinoma (Machida, 2018) Gastric cancer (Chen et al., 2019) Breast cancer (Huang et al., 2015) |
Gastric cancer (Chen et al., 2019) Breast cancer (Huang et al., 2015) Cholangiocarcinoma (Choodetwattana et al., 2019) Chronic myeloid leukemia (Lettnin et al., 2019) Chronic myeloid leukemia (Xin et al., 2013) |
Gastric cancer (Chen et al., 2019) Breast cancer (Litviakov et al., 2020) Colorectal cancer (Roudi et al., 2020) |
| SOX2 | Hepatocellular carcinoma (Machida, 2018) Gastric cancer (Chen et al., 2019) |
Gastric cancer (Chen et al., 2019) Breast cancer (Guan and Guan, 2020) Melanoma (Si et al., 2020) Chronic myeloid leukemia (Xin et al., 2013) |
Gastric cancer (Chen et al., 2019) Breast cancer (Guan and Guan, 2020; Xiao et al., 2020) |
| NANOG | Hepatocellular carcinoma (Machida, 2018) Breast cancer (Huang et al., 2015) |
Breast cancer (Huang et al., 2015) Esophageal squamous cancer (Deng et al., 2017) Chronic myeloid leukemia (Xin et al., 2013) |
Urinary bladder cancer (Gawlik-Rzemieniewska et al., 2016) |
| ALDH1A1 | Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma (Kim et al., 2011) Prostate cancer (Nishida et al., 2012) |
Ovarian cancer (Januchowski et al., 2016) Multiple myeloma (Yang et al., 2014) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ahlers et al., 2014) |
Breast cancer (Wang et al., 2018) Papillary thyroid carcinoma (Yue et al., 2015) |