TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in the Kailuan cohort by serum albumin level
| Characteristics | Serum albumin (g/L) | χ 2 | p‐value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | Total | ||||
| Mean ± SD | No. (% a ) | No. (% a ) | No. (% a ) | No. (% a ) | No. (% b ) | |||
| Total | 46.47 ± 7.90 | <44.6 | 44.6–45.9 | 46.0–47.9 | ≥48.0 | |||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 45.88 ± 8.07 | 5822 (29.23) | 3998 (20.07) | 6079 (30.52) | 4021 (20.19) | 19920 (24.27) | 904.9050 | <0.0001 |
| Male | 46.66 ± 7.84 | 14296 (23.01) | 10473 (16.85) | 18412 (29.63) | 18960 (30.51) | 62141 (75.73) | ||
| Age (year) | ||||||||
| <40 | 47.54 ± 7.30 | 2289 (14.73) | 1959 (12.60) | 4587 (29.51) | 6709 (43.16) | 15544 (18.94) | 3721.2277 | <0.0001 |
| 40–49 | 46.53 ± 6.94 | 4732 (22.52) | 3800 (18.08) | 6541 (31.13) | 5939 (28.26) | 21012 (25.61) | ||
| 50–59 | 46.34 ± 7.62 | 6970 (24.76) | 5410 (19.22) | 8640 (30.28) | 7127 (25.32) | 28147 (34.30) | ||
| ≥60 | 45.66 ± 9.66 | 6127 (35.30) | 3302 (19.02) | 4723 (27.21) | 3206 (18.47) | 17358 (21.15) | ||
| Income (yuan/month) | ||||||||
| <500 | 46.09 ± 6.01 | 4448 (27.42) | 2924 (18.02) | 4870 (30.02) | 3980 (24.53) | 16222 (20.80) | 825.3477 | <0.0001 |
| 500–1000 | 46.43 ± 8.91 | 10448 (24.20) | 8225 (19.05) | 13252 (30.70) | 11246 (26.05) | 43171 (55.36) | ||
| ≥1000 | 46.95 ± 7.01 | 4259 (22.90) | 2665 (14.33) | 5027 (27.03) | 6644 (35.73) | 18595 (23.84) | ||
| Education | ||||||||
| Illiterate or primary school | 45.80 ± 7.72 | 2251 (33.38) | 1194 (17.70) | 1823 (27.03) | 1476 (21.89) | 6744 (8.54) | 824.3316 | <0.0001 |
| Junior high school | 46.44 ± 7.64 | 12590 (24.06) | 9860 (18.84) | 15887 (30.35) | 14001 (26.75) | 52338 (66.31) | ||
| Senior high school | 46.97 ± 6.37 | 2663 (22.86) | 1687 (14.48) | 3208 (27.53) | 4093 (35.13) | 11651 (14.76) | ||
| College and above | 46.72 ± 11.93 | 1881 (22.94) | 1185 (14.45) | 2480 (30.24) | 2655 (32.37) | 8201 (10.39) | ||
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Never | 46.38 ± 8.49 | 12263 (25.57) | 8817 (18.38) | 14205 (29.62) | 12679 (26.43) | 47964 (64.91) | 273.0513 | <0.0001 |
| Quit | 46.48 ± 9.11 | 549 (24.34) | 361 (16.00) | 699 (30.98) | 647 (28.68) | 2256 (3.05) | ||
| Occasional (<1 cigarette per day) | 47.26 ± 10.33 | 330 (19.86) | 264 (15.88) | 467 (28.10) | 601 (36.16) | 1662 (2.25) | ||
| Frequent (≥1 cigarette per day) | 46.68 ± 6.58 | 5016 (22.79) | 3559 (16.17) | 6583 (29.90) | 6856 (31.14) | 22014 (29.79) | ||
| Alcohol drinking status | ||||||||
| Never drinker | 46.35 ± 8.34 | 12170 (25.87) | 8767 (18.64) | 13867 (29.48) | 12235 (26.01) | 47039 (59.42) | 339.0104 | <0.0001 |
| Ever drinker | 46.70 ± 7.56 | 7278 (22.65) | 5196 (16.17) | 9591 (29.85) | 10066 (31.33) | 32131 (40.58) | ||
| Coal dust exposure status | ||||||||
| Non‐exposure | 46.46 ± 9.28 | 8650 (25.84) | 5813 (17.36) | 9726 (29.05) | 9288 (27.74) | 33477 (42.46) | 50.9545 | <0.0001 |
| Exposure | 46.51 ± 6.99 | 10720 (23.63) | 8102 (17.86) | 13650 (30.09) | 12890 (28.42) | 45362 (57.54) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
| BMI < 18.5 | 46.48 ± 3.09 | 490 (23.91) | 324 (15.81) | 595 (29.04) | 640 (31.23) | 2049 (2.51) | 78.7321 | <0.0001 |
| 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25.0 | 46.38 ± 8.49 | 9810 (25.41) | 6948 (18.00) | 11456 (29.68) | 10388 (26.91) | 38602 (47.31) | ||
| 25.0 ≤ BMI < 30.0 | 46.55 ± 7.39 | 7481 (23.83) | 5458 (17.39) | 9442 (30.08) | 9010 (28.70) | 31391 (38.47) | ||
| BMI ≥ 30.0 | 46.62 ± 7.92 | 2180 (22.82) | 1676 (17.55) | 2859 (29.93) | 2837 (29.70) | 9552 (11.71) | ||
| HBsAg status | ||||||||
| Negative | 46.50 ± 7.95 | 18205 (24.30) | 13293 (17.75) | 22345 (29.83) | 21062 (28.12) | 74905 (97.04) | 39.7021 | <0.0001 |
| Positive | 46.06 ± 3.45 | 678 (29.72) | 346 (15.17) | 623 (27.31) | 634 (27.79) | 2281 (2.96) | ||
| Crp | N.A. | 2.95 ± 9.21 | 2.63 ± 6.31 | 2.48 ± 5.21 | 2.55 ± 6.05 | 2.64 ± 6.79 | 108.6861 | <0.0001 |
For Crp, mean ± SD were calculated in each quartile, and t value and relevant p value were provided.
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; Crp, C‐reactive protein.
a
Row percentage.
b
Column percentage.