Table 1.
Sample characterization and linguistic functioning in studies of MCI in Latinx individuals
| Cohort | Study | Sample description | Nativity; Number of years in US | Country of education | Language use | Literacy | Acculturation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1Florida ADRC | Duara et al., 2019 | Hispanic (in discussion: primarily from countries such as Cuba, Colombia, Venezuela) | NR | NR | Tested in English or Spanish (72% in Spanish) | NR | NR |
| Florida ADRC, Miami Beach | Rosselli et al., 2019 | Immigrants to US from Latin-American countries | All immigrants; Reported mean age of immigratio n, number of years in US | NR | Measured bilingualism with self-report questionnaire; Tested in preferred language (62% in Spanish) | NR | NR |
| FRONTIER | Johnson et al., 2013 | Hispanic1 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Johnson et al., 2014 | Mexican American | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| FRONTIER, HABLE, TARCC | Johnson et al., 2015 | Mexican American | NR | NR | NR | AMNART/WAT | NR |
| FRONTIER, TARCC | O’Bryant, Johnson, Reisch, et al., 2013 | Mexican American | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| FRONTIER, TARCC | O’Bryant, Johnson, Balldin, et al., 2013 | Mexican American | NR | NR | 39% tested in Spanish | NR | NR |
| HABLE | Johnson et al., 2016 | Mexican American | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Johnson et al., 2017 | Mexican American | NR | NR | Tested in English or Spanish; proportion NR | NR | NR | |
| Johnson, Large, Izurieta Munoz, Hall, & O’Bryant, 2019 | Mexican American | NR | NR | Tested in English or Spanish; proportion NR | NR | NR | |
| Szerlip et al., 2015 | Mexican American | NR | NR | Tested in English or Spanish; proportion NR | NR | NR | |
| NACC | (cclendon, Hernandez, Smyth, & Lerner, 2009 | Hispanic | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Milani, Marsiske, Cottler, Chen, & Striley, 2018 | Hispanic | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Pandya, Lacritz, Deschner, Woon, & Weiner, 2017 | Hispanic | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| NYU ADC | Guerrero-Berroa et al., 2014 | Countries of origin specified (US/Latin America) | Reported number US-born; number of years in US NR | NR | All Spanish primary language; all tested in Spanish | NR | NR |
| Predictors 3 | Stem, Gu, Cosentino, Azar, & Lawless, 2017 | Hispanic2 | NR | NR | NA (methods paper) | NR | NR |
| SPS3 | Dhamoon et al., 2015 | Hispanic (note: participants from Spain were classified as nonHispanic white) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Jacova et al., 2015 | Hispanics living in US were a subset of Hispanic sample. Countries of origin NR | NR | NR | Selected only monolingual (>90% Spanish) and bilingual (>50% Spanish) speakers; All tested in Spanish | NR | NR | |
| Pearce et al., 2014 | Hispanics living in US were a subset of Hispanic sample | NR | NR | Reported proportion that spoke English and Spanish | NR | NR | |
| SPRINT | Williamson et al., 2019 | Hispanic | NR | NR | Reported tests available in Spanish | NR | NR |
| TARCC | O’Bryant, Johnson, Edwards, Soares, & Devous, 2013 | Mexican American | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Royall & Palmer, 2013 | Mexican American | NR | NR | Reported tests available in Spanish, proportion tested in Spanish NR | NR | NR | |
| Royall & Palmer, 2014 | Hispanic1 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Royall & Palmer, 2016 | Mexican American | NR | NR | Reported tests available in Spanish, proportion tested in Spanish NR | NR | NR | |
| Royall & Palmer, 2017 | Mexican American | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| (Salazar, Velez, & Royall, 2014) | Mexican American | NR | NR | 55% tested in Spanish | AMNART | NR | |
| Salazar, Dwivedi, & Royall, 2016 | 99% Mexican American | NR | NR | English or Spanish speaking; language of testing NR | AMNART | NR | |
| UC Davis ADC | DeCarli et al., 2008 | Hispanic | NR | NR | Reported proportion fluent in English (36%); number tested in Spanish (64%) | AMNART (subset) | NR |
| Early et al., 2013 | Hispanic (primarily Mexican descent) | NR | NR | Reported proportion tested in Spanish (54%) | AMNART (subset) | NR | |
| Farias, Mungas, & Jagust, 2005 | Hispanic | NR | NR | Reported proportion tested in Spanish (46%) | NR | NR | |
| Farias, Mungas, Reed, Harvey, & Decarli, 2009 | Hispanic | NR | NR | NR | AMNART | NR | |
| Hinton et al., 2010 | Hispanic | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Miller et al., 2015 | Region of ancestry reported (i.e., primarily North, Central, or South American ancestry; most commonly Mexico) | NR | NR | 19% were monolingual Spanish speakers; proportion tested in Spanish NR | NR | NR | |
| WHICAP | Blum et al., 2012 | Hispanic2 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Devanand et al., 2010 | Caribbean Hispanic | NR | NR | Reported number that completed smell test in Spanish (n = 373 of 1092 participants) | NR | NR | |
| Gu et al., 2015 | Hispanic2 | NR | NR | Tested in English or Spanish; proportion not reported | NR | NR | |
| Luchsinger et al., 2007 | Caribbean Hispanic | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Manly et al., 2005 | Caribbean Hispanic, from several countries of origin | NR | NR | 28.7% of sample was Hispanic; 25% of full sample was Spanishspeaking; 93% of Hispanic sample tested in Spanish | NR | NR | |
| Manly et al., 2008 | Caribbean Hispanic, from several countries of origin | NR | NR | 92% tested in Spanish | NR | NR | |
| Manly et al., 2011 | Caribbean Hispanic | NR | NR | Tested in English or Spanish; proportion not reported | NR | NR | |
| Rizvi et al., 2018 | Hispanic2 | NR | NR | English or Spanish speaking; language of testing NR | NR | NR | |
| Scarmeas et al., 2009 | Hispanic2 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Zahodne et al., 2013 | Hispanic2 | NR | NR | Sample was 36% Hispanic; 33% of sample tested in Spanish | WRAT-3/WAT | NR | |
| Women's Health Initiative-Memory Study | Goveas et al., 2016 | Hispanic | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Note: ADC = Alzheimer’s Disease Center. ADRC = Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center. AMNART = American National Adult Reading Test. FRONTIER = Facing Rural Obstacles to Healthcare Now Through Intervention, Education & Research. HABLE =Health & Aging Brain among Latino Elders. NA = not applicable. NACC = National Alzheimer’s Disease Coordinating Center. NR = Not reported. NYU ADC = New York University Alzheimer’s Disease Center. SPS3 = The Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes study. TARCC = Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium. UC = University of California. WAT = Word Accentuation Test. WHICAP = Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP). WRAT = Wide Range Achievement Test.
1
Cited previous paper describing cohort as Mexican American.
2
Cited previous paper describing cohort as Caribbean Hispanic.