Table 2.
All SLE(n = 60) |
Controls(n = 60) |
LN(n = 20) |
APS(n = 20) |
Skin and jointn = 20) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | B | P | B | P | B | P | B | P | B | P |
Background variables | ||||||||||
Age | 0.89 | 0.73 | –0.07 | 0.67 | 0.55 | 0.13 | –0.54 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.59 |
Female gender | 8.20 | 0.33 | 3.62 | 0.51 | –3.57 | 0.78 | 9.21 | 0.55 | –6.05 | 0.72 |
Duration of SLE | 0.63 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | 0.43 | 0.36 | 0.77 | 0.15 | 0.70 | 0.23 |
SDI score | 9.74 | <0.001 | 0 | 0 | 9.20 | 0.02 | 10.30 | 0.02 | –6.20 | 0.42 |
SLEDAI-2K | 2.71 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | –0.27 | 0.91 | 2.60 | 0.35 | 4.53 | 0.005 |
Traditional risk factors and laboratory data | ||||||||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.37 | 0.59 | –0.28 | 0.61 | 0.92 | 0.42 | –0.37 | 0.83 | –0.71 | 0.33 |
Ever smoker (former or current) | 0.83 | 0.90 | 0 | 0 | 2.35 | 0.80 | –7.21 | 0.64 | 6.13 | 0.47 |
Systolic blood pressure | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.48 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.95 | 0.15 | 0.57 |
Diastolic blood pressure | 0.27 | 0.32 | 0.16 | 0.48 | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.85 | 0.20 | 0.62 |
Raynaud’s phenomenon | 12.37 | 0.05 | –7.85 | 0.12 | 3.21 | 0.80 | 17.76 | 0.19 | 6.90 | 0.37 |
eGFR | –0.07 | 0.69 | 0 | 0 | 0.12 | 0.61 | –0.45 | 0.35 | 0.01 | 0.95 |
Total cholesterol | 1.94 | 0.50 | –0.28 | 0.86 | 2.01 | 0.61 | –3.17 | 0.69 | 4.08 | 0.21 |
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) | 6.73 | 0.32 | 1.37 | 0.76 | 7.33 | 0.46 | –4.31 | 0.74 | 19.15 | 0.06 |
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) | –0.81 | 0.81 | –0.40 | 0.83 | –1.71 | 0.70 | –3.30 | 0.74 | 3.57 | 0.38 |
Triglycerides (TG) | 4.40 | 0.27 | –1.50 | 0.63 | 11.45 | 0.06 | 0.70 | 0.92 | 0.70 | 0.94 |
hsCRP | 2.16 | 0.03 | 0.19 | 0.71 | 1.66 | 0.59 | 4.10 | 0.03 | –0.51 | 0.66 |
Medical treatment, ongoing | ||||||||||
Antimalarial agents | –1.73 | 0.86 | N/A | N/A | NE | NE | –0.33 | 0.98 | 12.57 | 0.30 |
Glucocorticoid therapy | 4.98 | 0.38 | N/A | N/A | 12.73 | 0.08 | 3.45 | 0.80 | 3.50 | 0.63 |
Warfarin therapy | 22.0 | 0.002 | N/A | N/A | 9.15 | 0.60 | 18.90 | 0.14 | NE | NE |
Antiplatelet therapy | –6.60 | 0.37 | N/A | N/A | 4.67 | 0.59 | –26.0 | 0.06 | NE | NE |
Statin therapy | 7.50 | 0.47 | N/A | N/A | –18.62 | 0.27 | 5.43 | 0.74 | NE | NE |
DMARD therapy | –1.76 | 0.76 | N/A | N/A | –4.75 | 0.53 | –6.01 | 0.65 | 1.69 | 0.82 |
APS: antiphospholipid syndrome; BMI: body mass index; CRP: C-reactive protein; DMARDs: disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; LN: lupus nephritis; N/A: not applicable; NE: Not estimated; SDI: SLICC/ACR damage index; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus. Note: Statistically significant associations shown in bold.