TABLE 1.
Synthesis of outcomes and evidence of selected articles (N = 35), 2020
| Country/reference | Number of participants | Risk of bias a | Evidence b |
|---|---|---|---|
| Australia (Lowe & Bopp, 2020) | 1 | 75% | VI |
| Canada (Kirtsman et al., 2020) | 1 | 87.50% | VI |
| Canada (Koumoutsea et al., 2020) | 2 | 87.50% | VI |
| China (Cao et al., 2020) | 10 | 75% | VI |
| China (Chen, Guo, et al., 2020) | 9 | 87.50% | VI |
| China (Liu et al., 2020) | 15 | 75% | V |
| China (Lu et al., 2020) | 1 | 100% | VI |
| China (Peng et al., 2020) | 1 | 75% | VI |
| China (Wen et al., 2020) | 1 | 87.50% | VI |
| China (Wu et al., 2020) | 13 | 50% | V |
| China (Xia et al., 2020) | 1 | 75% | VI |
| China (Xiong et al., 2020) | 1 | 50% | VI |
| China (Yu, Li, et al., 2020) | 7 | 87.50% | V |
| China (Yu, Fan, et al., 2020) | 1 | 50% | VI |
| China (Zeng et al., 2020) | 16 | 75% | V |
| England (Knight et al., 2020) | 427 | 42% | IV |
| France (Vivanti et al., 2020) | 1 | 87.50% | VI |
| Italy (Ferraiolo et al., 2020) | 1 | 100% | VI |
| Peru (Alzamora et al., 2020) | 1 | 87.50% | VI |
| Portugal (Lyra et al., 2020) | 1 | 100% | VI |
| Spain (Mendoza et al., 2020) | 42 | 50% | V |
| Spain (Pereira et al., 2020) | 60 | 100% | VI |
| The Netherlands (Grimminck et al., 2020) | 1 | 100% | VI |
| Turkey (Kalafat et al., 2020) | 1 | 87.50% | VI |
| United States (Baergen & Heller, 2020) | 20 | 62.50% | V |
| United States (Blauvelt et al., 2020) | 1 | 87.50% | VI |
| United States (Browne et al., 2020) | 1 | 100% | VI |
| United States (Futterman et al., 2020) | 2 | 87.50% | VI |
| United States (Hantoushzadeh et al., 2020) | 9 | 87.50% | VI |
| United States (Iqbal et al., 2020) | 1 | 100% | VI |
| United States (Rosen et al., 2020) | 1 | 87.50% | VI |
| United States (Shena et al., 2020) | 16 | 62.50% | V |
| United States (Silverstein et al., 2020) | 2 | 87.50% | VI |
| United States (Vallejo & Ilagan, 2020) | 1 | 87.50% | VI |
| United States (Qadri & Mariona, 2020) | 16 | 50% | VI |
a
RB: Risk of bias (JBI critical appraisal).
b
ELII: Evidence level II (Melnyk & Fineout‐Overholt, 2005).