Table 4.

Effects of DNA-alkylating platinum drugs on the PD-(L)1 checkpoint

Drug	Effects on PD-(L)1 checkpoint	References
OXA	Combination of OXA plus an anti-PD-L1 mAb leads to an efficient inhibition of tumor growth in vivo, more potent than the mAb or drug alone (Lewis lung carcinoma and CT26 colon cancer models).	(59,60)
	Cisplatin and OXA induce cell surface expression of PD-L1 in head and neck cancer cell lines. Efficient combination with an anti-PD-L1 mAb.	(61)
	Experimental studies: additive or synergistic effect of a platinum drug combined with an anti-PD-(L)1 mAb. Effect associated with an early and sustainable enhancement of PD-L1 expression.	(54,62,63)
	Clinical studies: decrease in PD-L1 expression in patients with lung cancer who received cisplatin–GEM combination.	(64)
CARB	CARB combines well with an anti-PD-L1 mAb to increase antitumor effector CD4+, CD8+ T cells. Decreases immunosuppressive Tregs and myeloid suppressor cells for the treatment of ovarian cancer.	(65)
	PD-L1 plays a crucial role in regulating the resistance mechanism to CARB.	(66)
	CARB significantly increases cell surface expression of PD-L1 in an ovarian cancer cell line.	(67)
	The combination of anti-PD-L1 atezolizumab plus CARB/nab-paclitaxel is more efficient than chemotherapy alone for the treatment of metastatic non-squamous NSCLC.	(68)
Nedaplatin	The PACLI–nedaplatin combo can facilitate the migration of peripheral T cells into the chronically inflamed tumor microenvironment.	(69)