Table 3.
Antibiotics used frequently for human treatment, as reported by participants
| Antibiotic classes for human use | Antibiotic | WHO classification (AWaRe)a | Nagongera | Namuwongo | PR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Penicillin | amoxicillin | Access | 58 (58.0%) | 58 (33.3%) | 1.74 (1.33–2.28) | <0.001 |
| ampicillin | Access | 10 (10.0%) | 1 (0.6%) | 17.4 (2.26–133.93) | <0.001 | |
| phenoxymethylpenicillin | Access | 3 (3.0%) | 14 (8.1%) | 0.37 (0.11–1.27) | 0.12 | |
| ampicillin/cloxacillin | Access | 14 (14.0%) | 79 (45.4%) | 0.31 (0.18–0.51) | <0.001 | |
| Cephalosporin | cefalexin | Access | 1 (1.0%) | 4 (2.3%) | 0.44 (0.05–3.84) | 0.66 |
| Metronidazole | metronidazole | Access | 40 (40.0%) | 128 (73.6%) | 0.54 (0.42–0.70) | <0.001 |
| Sulphonamide | trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole | Access | 42 (42.0%) | 50 (28.7%) | 1.46 (1.05–2.03) | 0.03 |
| Fluoroquinolone | ciprofloxacin | Watch | 9 (9.0%) | 29 (16.7%) | 0.54 (0.27–1.09) | 0.10 |
| Chloramphenicol | chloramphenicol | Access | 6 (6.0%) | 11 (6.3%) | 0.95 (0.36–2.49) | 1.00 |
| Macrolide | erythromycin | Watch | 9 (9.0%) | 32 (18.4%) | 0.49 (0.24–0.98) | 0.04 |
| Tetracycline | tetracycline | Access | 4 (4.0%) | 9 (5.2%) | 0.77 (0.24–2.45) | 0.77 |
| doxycycline | Access | 15 (15.0%) | 31 (17.8%) | 0.84 (0.48–1.48) | 0.62 |
a
The WHO’s AWaRe classification aims at informing effective antimicrobial stewardship and ensuring access to necessary antibiotics and appropriate prescribing; categories include ‘Access’, ‘Watch’ and ‘Reserve’. Access: first- and second-choice antibiotics for common infections that should be widely available, affordable and quality assured; Watch: first- and second-choice antibiotics recommended for specific and limited number of indications because they have a higher potential for development of resistance.